Battle of Salt River Canyon

Battle of Salt River Canyon
Part of the Yavapai War, Apache Wars

Salt River
DateDecember 28, 1872
Location
Tonto Basin, Arizona Territory
33°34′57″N 111°21′57″W / 33.5826°N 111.3659°W / 33.5826; -111.3659
Result United States victory
Belligerents
 United States Yavapai
Commanders and leaders
United States George Crook Nanni-chaddi  †[1]
Strength
130 cavalry
30 native scouts[2]		 ~110 men, women, and children
Casualties and losses
1 killed[3] 76 killed[4]
34 captured

The Battle of Salt River Canyon, the Battle of Skeleton Cave,[2] or the Skeleton Cave Massacre was the first principal engagement during the 1872 Tonto Basin Campaign under the command of Lieutenant Colonel George Crook. It was part of the Yavapai War from 1871 to 1875 against the Yavapai people, a Native American tribe in Arizona.

Battle

On December 28, 1872, Crook's men encountered the Yavapai stronghold at Skeleton Cave, located in the Salt River Canyon northeast of present-day Phoenix, Arizona. Crook's force was composed of 130 troopers from the 5th Cavalry Regiment led by Captain William H. Brown and another thirty Apache scouts.[5]

The army took up a position around the mouth of Skeleton Cave and surprised a Yavapai band when they were dancing in celebration over a recent raid. Surrounding the cave, the soldiers opened fire.[2] Some of Brown's men aimed for the roof of the cave, as the Yavapai band refused to surrender. Others, who were personally accompanied by Crook, rolled rocks and boulders down from the cliffs above.[2] One warrior escaped the last volley by crawling on his belly. Realizing that he got out of the cave safely, he jumped on a large stone and let out a war cry, while firing at the soldiers' position. He was shot by a soldier from approx. 800 yards away, hitting the warrior in the chest and killing him. About 75 dead were found in the cave, including a number of women and children. No warriors survived the massacre. The women and children survivors were captured and taken to Camp Grant. Among the dead within the cave was Chief Nanni-chaddi, who had said that no soldier would ever find his stronghold there. This stronghold was only known to the Yavapai and Tonto Apache. Apache scouts led the Army to the stronghold, betraying their own people.[1] Crook followed up this massacre, with another at Turret Peak several weeks later, both considered victories by the Government. The Yavapais soon made peace at Camp Verde in 1873 though some skirmishing continued into 1875.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b "Battle of Turret Peak". Archived from the original on 2008-05-12. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
  2. ^ a b c d "Battles and Massacres of the Indian Wars in the American West". Archived from the original on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2009-03-27.
  3. ^ Michno, Gregory (2003). Encyclopedia of Indian Wars: Western Battles and Skirmishes, 1850–1890. Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing Company. p. 262. ISBN 0-87842-468-7.
  4. ^ Braatz, p. 138
  5. ^ a b Block, Kathy. Du Shane, Neal (ed.). "Skeleton Cave Massacre Site". American Pioneer & Cemetery Research Project. Retrieved 2019-12-29.

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