The Battle of Calais took place in 1350 when an English force defeated an unsuspecting French army which was attempting to take the city. Despite a truce being in effect the French commander Geoffrey de Charny had planned to take the city by subterfuge, and bribed Amerigo of Pavia, an Italian officer of the city garrison, to open a gate for them. The English king, Edward III, became aware of the plot and personally led his household knights and the Calais garrison in a surprise counter-attack. The French were routed by this smaller force, with significant losses and all their leaders captured or killed.
Later that day, Edward dined with the highest-ranking captives, treating them with royal courtesy except for Charny, whom he taunted for having abandoned his chivalric principles both by fighting during a truce and by attempting to purchase his way into Calais rather than fight. As Charny was considered a paragon of knightly behaviour, the accusations struck deep, and were frequently repeated in subsequent English propaganda, as Charny was to write several authoritative books on chivalry.
Two years later, having been ransomed from English captivity, Charny was placed in charge of a French army on the Calais front. He used it to storm a small fortification commanded by Amerigo, who was taken captive to Saint-Omer and publicly tortured to death.
Since the Norman Conquest of 1066, English monarchs had held titles and lands within France, the possession of which made them vassals of the kings of France.[1] Following a series of disagreements between Philip VI of France (r. 1328–1350) and Edward III of England (r. 1327–1377), on 24 May 1337 Philip's Great Council in Paris agreed that the lands held by Edward in France should be taken back into Philip's hands on the grounds that Edward was in breach of his obligations as a vassal. This marked the start of the Hundred Years' War, which was to last 116 years.[2][3][4]
After nine years of inconclusive but expensive warfare, Edward landed with an army in northern Normandy in July 1346.[5] He then undertook a large-scale raid through Normandy, including the capture and sack of Caen, to the gates of Paris.[6][7] After retreating in the face of Philip's large and increasing army, the English turned to fight at the Battle of Crécy, where the French were defeated with heavy loss.[8] Edward needed a defensible port where his army could regroup and be resupplied from the sea. The Channel port of Calais suited this purpose. It was also highly defensible: it boasted a double moat; substantial city walls; and its citadel in the north-west corner had its own moat and additional fortifications. It would provide a secure entrepôt into France for English armies. Calais could be easily resupplied by sea and defended by land.[9][10]
Edward's army laid siege to the port in September 1346. With French finances and morale at a low ebb after Crécy, Philip failed to relieve the town, and the starving defenders surrendered on 3 August 1347.[11][12] It was the only large town successfully besieged by either side during the first thirty years of the Hundred Years' War.[13]
Following further inconclusive military manoeuvres by each side for four weeks, and given that both sides were financially exhausted, emissaries despatched by Pope Clement VI found willing listeners. Negotiations began in early September and by the 28th the Truce of Calais, intended to bring a temporary halt to the fighting, had been agreed.[14] This strongly favoured the English, confirming them in possession of all of their territorial conquests.[14] It was to run for nine months to 7 July 1348, but was extended repeatedly over the years until it was formally set aside in 1355.[15] The truce did not stop ongoing naval clashes between the two countries, nor small-scale fighting in Gascony and Brittany.[16][17]
Calais was vital to England's effort against the French for the rest of the war, it being all but impossible to land a significant force other than at a friendly port. Edward had succeeded in 1346 due to a fortunate combination of circumstances. Earlier, in 1340, Edward's forces had to fight a French fleet larger than his to gain access to the port of Sluys to disembark his army. Possession of Calais also allowed the accumulation of supplies and matériel prior to a campaign.[18][19] The town had an extremely strong standing garrison of 1,200 men,[20] virtually a small army,[21] under the command of the captain of Calais. He had numerous deputies and specialist under-officers.[22] These included Amerigo of Pavia,[note 1] who was employed as Calais's galley master from April 1348.[28][29] He had command of a tower overlooking Calais's harbour, which contained an entrance into the town's citadel.[29]
Geoffrey de Charny was a senior and well-respected Burgundian knight in French service.[30] In 1346, freshly returned from a crusade in the east, he assisted the King's son during a campaign in south-west France.[31][32][note 2] In 1347, when the French army had approached Calais to relieve it, the English were found to be so strongly entrenched that to attack them was hopeless; Charny was one of the senior knights sent by Philip to formally challenge Edward to bring his army out and fight in the open field.[34][35] Confounded, the French marched away in humiliation and the next day Calais surrendered.[36] In July 1348, as a member of the King's Council, Charny was put in charge of all French forces in the north east. The truce at an end, his forces harassed the English to little effect. Both monarchs were exasperated at the fruitless expense of the war and the truce was renewed.[16][37]
Amerigo had served the French and Charny arranged for him to be approached with a view to betraying Calais in exchange for a bribe.[29] The truce facilitated contact and Charny reasoned that, as a man of low status, Amerigo would be more susceptible to avarice and as a non-Englishman, he would have fewer scruples regarding treachery. In mid-1349 Charny came to an agreement with him to open the gate under his control, so as to deliver up Calais, in exchange for 20,000 écus (approximately £4,800,000 in 2023 terms[note 3]) and they met to personally seal the agreement.[27][29][39] Contemporary English and French chroniclers, who usually exalt Charny, sarcastically report this as him having "gone shopping" (marchander) for Calais.[17]
According to most accounts, Edward heard of the plot from others and agreed to spare Amerigo the punishment for treason (being hanged almost to the point of death, emasculated, disembowelled, beheaded and chopped into four pieces) on condition that he go along with Edward's counter-plan. One of the three versions of his 14th-century Chronicles published by Jean Froissart states that Amerigo voluntarily betrayed Charny. There is agreement that Edward first heard of the plot on or a little before 24 December, and the contemporary sources agree that he interviewed Amerigo at Havering near London on 24 December. Edward responded rapidly, gathering 900 men – 300 men-at-arms and 600 archers – and sailed for Calais with Amerigo. To maintain secrecy the expedition was carried out under the titular command of Sir Walter Manny, previously the first captain of Calais. Amerigo's brother was held in England to ensure Amerigo's cooperation.[40][41]
By that point, Charny had gathered a force of some 5,500 men at Saint-Omer, 25 miles (40 km) from Calais. This consisted of 1,500 men-at-arms, including most of the senior military figures of north-east France, and 4,000 infantry. They would be opposed by the 1,200-strong garrison of Calais, plus several hundred other English inhabitants who could be called to arms in an emergency.[42] Charny needed a large force to avoid being repulsed by the strong garrison once he entered the town. The gate controlled by Amerigo was too difficult of approach to be used by such a large force, although it provided easy access to the harbour for ship's crews. Worse, the gate could be reached only on foot at low tide along a narrow beach, up against the town walls.[43] Even to get as far as Amerigo's gate would be difficult; Calais was surrounded by a broad belt of marshes, and the few roads through them were controlled by English blockhouses.[17]
The French came up with a plan to set off on New Year's Eve, when the hours of darkness would be close to their maximum, low tide would be shortly before dawn, and the English sentries and garrisons might be caught celebrating or sleeping. The blockhouses would be bypassed and Calais reached before dawn. The bulk of the French would wait not far from the town, while a force of 112 men-at-arms entered through Amerigo's gate at night. Some would secure the citadel, while others made their way through the sleeping town to the Boulogne Gate, one of the main gates. The gatehouse would be seized, the gate opened and the majority of Charny's force, led by the mounted men-at-arms, would enter and bring overwhelming force to bear on the garrison by surprise.[44]
The leader of the group to enter through Amerigo's gate was Oudart de Renti, a French knight who had been banished, joined the English and been given a command in the army of 20,000 Flemings who supported Edward's siege of Calais. In 1347 he was pardoned by Philip, turned his coat again and was appointed by Charny because of his detailed knowledge of the area around Calais, and to give him an opportunity to redeem his honour.[45]
Charny's force marched for Calais on the evening of 31 December 1349.[46][note 4] The blockhouses were circumvented and the French assembled close to Calais. A little before dawn the advance party approached Amerigo's gate-tower. The gate was open, and Amerigo emerged to greet them. He exchanged his son for the first installment of his bribe and led a small group of French knights into the gatehouse.[note 5] Shortly a French standard was unfurled atop the tower of the gatehouse and more French crossed the drawbridge over the moat. Suddenly the drawbridge was raised, a portcullis fell in front of the French and sixty English men-at-arms surrounded them. All of the French who had entered the gatehouse were captured.[48][49][note 6]
At the sound of a trumpet the Boulogne Gate was opened and Edward, in plain armour and under Walter Manny's banner, led out his household troops, supported by a detachment of archers, and attacked the French.[50][51][52] With a cry of "Betrayed!" a large part of Charny's force fled.[41][53] Charny hastily organized his remaining troops and held off the initial English attack, and Edward was given a hard fight.[47][53][54] Edward's eldest son, the Black Prince, led his own household knights out of the north gate, the Water Gate, and along the beach, past the citadel, and into a position on the French force's exposed left flank.[54][55] As Edward and Charny's forces fought, members of the Calais garrison, who had not been privy to the plan, were hastily arming themselves and steadily reinforcing Edward's hard-pressed group. How many of the garrison joined Edward and the Black Prince's 900 men before the fighting ended is not known.[53]
Charney's force still outnumbered the English, but broke when the Black Prince's force attacked.[47] More than 200 men-at-arms were killed in the fighting. Thirty French knights were taken prisoner.[54] As was common, none of the contemporary sources record the number of casualties among the socially inferior French infantry.[note 7] In the battles of the time, non-knightly captives were usually killed on the spot, partly from aristocratic contempt for the non-knightly, and partly from a disinclination to care for prisoners who could not be ransomed.[57][58] An unknown number of fugitives drowned as they fled through the marshes.[54] Total French casualties are not certain; "several hundred" according to the historian Yuval Harari.[53] As no Englishman of note was killed, English casualties are not recorded. The King and his son had been in the fore of the fighting.[59] Among the English nobility involved were the Earl of Suffolk, Lord Stafford, Lord Montagu, Lord Beauchamp, Lord Berkeley, and Lord de la Warr.[60] Among the French captured were Charny, with a serious head wound, Eustace de Ribemont and Oudart de Renti – three of the leading French commanders in Picardy; Pépin de Wierre was killed.[53][54]
Knightly prisoners were considered the personal property of their captors, who would ransom them for large sums.[61] As he had fought in the front rank, Edward claimed many of the prisoners as his own, including Charny, whose captor he rewarded with a gratuity of 100 marks[note 8] (approximately £80,000 in 2023 terms).[63] That evening Edward, who was always conscious of the image he presented,[64][65] invited the higher-ranking of the captives to dine with him, revealing that he had fought them incognito. He made pleasant conversation with all but Charny, whom he taunted with having abandoned his chivalric principles both by fighting during a truce and by attempting to purchase his way into Calais rather than fight.[66] The detailed defences of Charny's actions later published suggest that the charges had merit by the standards of the time.[67]
Charny was considered a paragon of knightly honour, was acknowledged by contemporaries as a "true and perfect Knight",[68] and was the author of several books on chivalry.[34] He was also the keeper of the Oriflamme, the French royal battle banner;[34] the requirements of this office included being "a knight noble in intention and deed ... virtuous ... and chivalrous".[69] The accusations struck deep and were astute blows in the active propaganda war between the two countries. The modern historian Jonathan Sumption reports that the whole affair was so embarrassing that French participants were said to have "maintained a tight-lipped silence" regarding their roles in it.[54] Whether Charny had acted in an unknightly manner in attempting to purchase his way into Calais was still being debated in the 19th century.[70]
Ribeaumont was promptly released on parole,[65] so Philip should have a first-hand account of the débâcle.[54] Ribeaumont later voluntarily travelled to England to surrender himself until his ransom was paid.[54] Most of the prisoners were paroled on a promise not to fight until they had redeemed themselves.[54] Charny had to wait eighteen months until his ransom was paid in full, for his release.[54] The amount is not known, but King John II (r. 1350–1364), Philip's son and successor after his father's death during Charny's imprisonment,[71] made a partial contribution of 12,000 écus (approximately £2,100,000 in 2023 terms).[72] During his captivity Charny wrote much of his famous Book of Chivalry (Livre de chevalerie), in which he warns against turning to "cunning schemes" as opposed to actions which are "true, loyal and sensible".[73]
Amerigo was allowed to keep the instalment of his bribe he had received from Renti. He soon returned to Italy and went on a pilgrimage to Rome. The fate of his hostaged son, who was carried off into French captivity in the nearby town of Guînes, is not known.[54]
In late 1350 Raoul, Count of Eu, the Grand Constable of France, returned after more than four years in English captivity. He was on parole from Edward personally, pending the handover of his ransom. This had been set at an exorbitant 80,000 écus, too high for Raoul to afford. It had been agreed that he would instead hand over the town of Guînes, which was in his possession. This was a common method of settling ransoms. Guînes had an extremely strong keep, and was the leading fortification in the French defensive ring around Calais. English possession would go a long way to securing Calais against more surprise assaults. Guînes was of little financial value to Raoul, and it was clear that Edward was prepared to accept it only in lieu of a full ransom payment because of its strategic position.[74][75]
Angered by the attempt to weaken the blockade of Calais, the new French king, John II, promptly had Raoul executed for treason. The perceived interference of the crown in a nobleman's personal affairs, especially one of such high status, caused an uproar in France.[76] Charny had served under Raoul during his first military campaigns and was related by marriage, but his views on the situation are not known.[77] The English made much of this in their diplomatic and propaganda campaigns.[78]
In early January 1352 a band of freelancing English soldiers seized Guînes by a midnight escalade. The French were furious, the acting-commander was drawn and quartered for dereliction of duty at Charny's behest, and a strong protest was sent to Edward.[79][80] He was thereby put in a difficult position because of the flagrant breach of the truce. Retaining Guînes would mean a loss of honour and a resumption of open warfare, for which he was unprepared. He ordered the English occupants to hand it back.[81]
The English parliament was scheduled to assemble the following week. Several members of the King's Council made fiery, warmongering speeches and the parliament was persuaded to approve three years of war taxes. Reassured that he had adequate financial backing, Edward changed his mind. By the end of January the Captain of Calais had fresh orders: to take over the garrisoning of Guînes in the King's name; and thus the war resumed.[82]
The English had been strengthening the defences of Calais with the construction of fortified towers or bastions at bottlenecks on the roads through the marshes to the town.[83] With the war resumed Amerigo had returned to English service. It was felt that his service at Calais had earned him a position of responsibility, but he was not trusted enough to be assigned to any place where a betrayal would be a devastating blow.[72] He was placed in charge of a new tower at Fretun,[83] 3 miles (4.8 km) south west of Calais.[84]
The main French effort of this round of fighting was against Guînes. Geoffrey de Charny was again put in charge of all French forces in the north east. He assembled an army of 4,500 men, against the English garrison of 115. He reoccupied the town, but in spite of fighting described as savage,[85] he failed to take the keep. In July the Calais garrison launched a surprise night attack on Charny's army, killing many Frenchmen and destroying their siege works.[84]
Shortly after, Charny abandoned the siege and marched his army to Fretun where it launched a surprise attack during the night of 24/25 July. Assailed by an entire French army, the night watch fled.[84] According to one near-contemporary account by Jean Froissart, Amerigo was found still in bed, with his English mistress.[72] Charny took him to Saint-Omer, where he disbanded his troops.[84] Before they departed they gathered, together with the populace from miles around, to witness Amerigo being tortured to death with hot irons and quartered with an axe; his remains were displayed above the town gates.[84][86] Charny neither garrisoned nor slighted Fretun, to reinforce his view that his argument was a personal one with Amerigo, which entitled Charny to attack the tower to capture him; and that he had acted with honour in leaving it to be reoccupied by the English.[87]
Charny was killed in 1356 at the Battle of Poitiers, when the French royal army was defeated by a smaller Anglo-Gascon force commanded by the Black Prince, and John was captured. Charny fell holding the Oriflamme, thereby fulfilling his keeper's oath to die before giving up the banner.[83][88][89] Calais remained in English hands until 1558.[11]
Эта статья или раздел нуждается в переработке.Пожалуйста, улучшите статью в соответствии с правилами написания статей. Прямой провод с током. Ток (I), протекая через провод в направлении хода буравчика (винта)↖, создаёт магнитное поле (B) вокруг провода в направлении вращени…
Sports teams of Alabama A&M University Alabama A&M Bulldogs and Lady BulldogsUniversityAlabama A&M UniversityConferenceSouthwestern Athletic ConferenceNCAADivision I (FCS)Athletic directorDr. Paul A. BryantLocationNormal, AlabamaVarsity teams15Football stadiumLouis Crews StadiumArenaAlabama A&M Events CenterNicknameBulldogsLady BulldogsColorsMaroon and white[1] Websitewww.aamusports.com The Alabama A&M Bulldogs and Lady Bulldogs are the…
Sungai MuratEfrat TimurSungai MuratLokasiNegaraTurkiWilayahWilayah Anatolia TimurCiri-ciri fisikHulu sungai - lokasidekat Gunung Ararat utara Danau Van - elevasi2.720 m (8.920 ft) Muara sungai - lokasiKarasu dekat Keban, Provinsi Elazığ - elevasi820 m (2.690 ft)Panjang722 km (449 mi)Daerah Aliran SungaiSistem sungaiEfrat SumberMulut Lokasi sumber dan mulut Sungai Murat. Sungai Murat, juga disebut Efrat Timur (bah…
Ocnele Mari Ciudad con estatus de oraș Escudo Ocnele MariUbicación de Ocnele Mari en Rumania.Coordenadas 45°05′00″N 24°19′00″E / 45.083333333333, 24.316666666667Capital Gura SuhașuluiEntidad Ciudad con estatus de oraș • País Rumania • Distrito VâlceaSuperficie • Total 25.05 km²Altitud • Media 262 m s. n. m.Población (Censo 2002[1]) • Total 3563 hab.Huso horario UTC +2Código postal[2]…
三井住友フィナンシャルグループ > 三井住友銀行 > さくら銀行 > 三井銀行 株式会社三井銀行The Mitsui Bank, Ltd. かつて三井銀行本店が置かれていた日比谷三井ビルディング[注釈 1]種類 株式会社市場情報 東証1部 83141949年5月16日 - 2001年3月27日 大証1部（廃止） 83141949年5月16日 - 2001年3月27日 札証 83141950年4月1日 - 2001年3月27日 京証 83141949年12月 - 2001年3月1
Town in Tyne and Wear, England For other uses, see Wallsend (disambiguation). Human settlement in EnglandWallsendWallsend Town HallWallsendLocation within Tyne and WearPopulation43,826 [1]OS grid referenceNZ301664Metropolitan boroughNorth TynesideMetropolitan countyTyne and WearRegionNorth EastCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townWALLSENDPostcode districtNE28Dialling code0191PoliceNorthumbriaFireTyne and WearAmbulanceNorth East UK…
Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité chypriote. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. OrmidhiaNom officiel (el) ΟρμήδειαNom local (el) ΟρμήδειαGéographiePays ChypreDistrict district de LárnacaPartie de District de LárnacaEnclavé dans Akrotiri et DhekeliaBaigné par Mer MéditerranéeSuperficie 21,25 km2Altitude 59 mCoordonnées 34° 59′ 30″…
Jaime Winstone Información personalNacimiento 6 de mayo de 1985 (38 años)Camden Town (Reino Unido) Nacionalidad BritánicaFamiliaPadre Ray Winstone EducaciónEducada en Harlow CollegeBurnt Mill Academy Información profesionalOcupación Actriz y actriz de cine Años activa desde 2004[editar datos en Wikidata] Jaime Margaret Winstone (nacida el 6 de mayo de 1985) es una actriz inglesa, mejor conocida por sus papeles en Kidulthood, Dead Set, After Hours y su interpretación de Barbara …
Partido Comunista de la República Socialista Soviética de KirguistánКоммунисти́ческая па́ртия Киргизской ССР (ruso) Кыргыз ССРинин Коммунисттик партиясы (kirguís) Primer Secretario Moris Belotski (primero)Dzhumgalbek Amanbayev (último)Fundación 1936Disolución 1991Escisión de PCUSEslogan ¡Proletarios de todos los países, uníos! (Бардык өлкөлөрдүн пролетарлары, бириккиле!)Ideologí…
село Новосамарка Центр села Країна Україна Область Одеська область Район Подільський район Громада Окнянська селищна громада Код КАТОТТГ UA51120150300033886 Облікова картка Новосамарка Основні дані Засноване 1840 Населення 1005 Площа 2,09 км² Густота населення 480,86 осі
Moran AtiasAtias di penayangan perdana The Next Three Days, 2010Lahir9 April 1981 (umur 42)Haifa, IsraelPekerjaanPemeran, Peraga busanaKerabatShani Atias (saudari)Informasi modelingTinggi175 m (574 ft 2 in)Warna rambutHitamWarna mataCokatManajerAnonymous Content Moran Atias (Ibrani: מורן אטיאס; lahir 9 April 1981) adalah seorang pemeran dan peraga busana asal Israel. Ia meraih ketenaran dalam film-film Italia Gas, Oggi sposi, dan Mother of Tears. Ia dikenal karen…
2012 studio album by Esperanza SpaldingRadio Music SocietyStudio album by Esperanza SpaldingReleasedMarch 20, 2012Genre Contemporary jazz big band R&B neo soul Length57:54LabelHeads Up InternationalProducerEsperanza SpaldingEsperanza Spalding chronology Chamber Music Society(2010) Radio Music Society(2012) Emily's D+Evolution(2016) Singles from Radio Music Society Black GoldReleased: February 1, 2012 Radio SongReleased: March 26, 2012 Radio Music Society is the fourth studio album by…
Nome di Mesir Tengah. Mesir Tengah menunjuk pada bagian utara Mesir Hulu, yang membujur dari El-Aiyat di Mesir bagian utara sampai ke Ayut di bagian selatannya. Lihat pula Mesir Hulu Mesir Hilir Mesir Hulu dan Hilir Mesir Kuno Artikel bertopik Mesir Kuno ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.lbs Artikel bertopik geografi ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.lbs
Soles de Mexicali Datos generalesNombre completo Club de Básquetbol Soles de MexicaliApodo(s) SolesMascota Cach SolazoDeporte BaloncestoFundación 2005Presidente Carlos Cota ArceEntrenador Pedro Carrillo BallesterInstalacionesEstadio cubierto Auditorio PSFMexicali, MéxicoCapacidad 4,426Inauguración 1 de enero de 1980 (43 años)Uniforme Última temporadaLiga Nacional de Baloncesto ProfesionalLNBP 2021 2.º Zona Oeste (Subcampeón Zona Oeste)PalmarésTítulos Campeón: LNBP 2006, LNBP 2014…
2003 video gameMaximo vs. Army of ZinEuropean cover artDeveloper(s)Capcom Production Studio 8Publisher(s)CapcomDirector(s)Mark RogersProducer(s)Mark RogersDesigner(s)Scott RogersDave RalstonProgrammer(s)Yoshi HatanoKeith WeatherlyNarayanan VaidyanathanTetsuya SakashitaArtist(s)Jonathan CascoJoe PearsonWriter(s)Beau SmithComposer(s)Tommy TallaricoCris LeischSam HulickShane KeipRob KingMichael Richard PlowmanSeriesGhosts 'n GoblinsPlatform(s)PlayStation 2ReleaseJP: September 18, 2003NA: January 20…
Painting by Giorgione The Three PhilosophersArtistGiorgioneYearc. 1505–1509MediumOil on canvasDimensions123 cm × 144 cm (48 in × 57 in)LocationKunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna The Three Philosophers is an oil painting on canvas attributed to the Italian High Renaissance artist Giorgione. It shows three philosophers – one young, one middle-aged, and one old. The work was commissioned by the Venetian noble Taddeo Contarini, a Venetian merchant with a…
Lake in Kazakhstan Ulken KamkalyУлкен ҚамқалыSentinel-2 image of the lakes in MarchUlken KamkalyLocationSarysu DistrictCoordinates44°48′35″N 69°5′56″E / 44.80972°N 69.09889°E / 44.80972; 69.09889Basin countriesKazakhstanMax. length3.3 kilometers (2.1 mi)Max. width1.4 kilometers (0.87 mi)Surface area4.2 square kilometers (1.6 sq mi)Residence timeUTC+6IslandsnoSettlementsShyganak Ulken Kamkaly (Kazakh: Улкен Қам…
Military cantonment in Punjab, Pakistan Cantonment in Punjab, PakistanSialkot Cantonment سیالکوٹ چھاؤنیCantonmentCountry PakistanProvince PunjabDistrictSialkot DistrictPopulation (2017 Census of Pakistan)[1] • Total655,852 (population of Sialkot City including Cantonment) Sialkot Cantonment (Urdu: سیالکوٹ چھاؤنی) is a military cantonment area in Sialkot adjacent to the city. History It is one of the oldest and most important Cantonment…
Village in Korçë, AlbaniaLinVillageLinCoordinates: 41°3′58″N 20°38′19″E / 41.06611°N 20.63861°E / 41.06611; 20.63861Country AlbaniaCountyKorçëMunicipalityPogradecMunicipal unitUdënishtTime zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST) Lin (Albanian definite form: Lini, Macedonian: Лин) is a village in the former Udënisht Municipality in Korçë County, Albania.[1] At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipa…
Lu Ann Meredith Información personalNacimiento 7 de julio de 1913 Dallas (Estados Unidos) Fallecimiento 12 de noviembre de 1998 (85 años)Lancaster (Estados Unidos) Nacionalidad EstadounidenseLengua materna Inglés Información profesionalOcupación Actriz y actriz de cine Años activa 1934-1939[editar datos en Wikidata] Lu Ann Meredith (7 de julio de 1913 - 12 de noviembre de 1998) fue una actriz de cine estadounidense. Elegida como una de las WAMPAS Baby Stars en 1934,[1] su …
Lokasi Pengunjung: 18.217.174.138