Al-Karbalaei's voice and performance is considered particularly distinctive, the former is considered one of the most compelling instruments in the history of lamentations for the Ahl al-Bayt. His vocal abilities have allowed him to be identified as one of the greatest voices in the Arab world, widely heard by audiences all across the globe.[12][13][14][15][16][17]
His choice of poetry, melodies, performances, were able to attract millions of listeners, allowing them to abandon the types of music that are religiously forbidden. Al-Karbalaei managed to fill a void for them, by continuously introducing new methods and styles in his recitations. He has also produced works in languages other than Arabic, like Persian, Urdu and English.[18] Al-Karbalaei, for the most of it, has been apolitical with his elegies, trying to keep his elegies exclusively about the Ahl al-Bayt and their memory.[19]
In 2019, al-Karbalaei was gifted with a crown made of pure gold, and dubbed Sultan al-Minbar al-Hussaini (sultan of the Husayni pulpit), by the Hussaini Reciters Association in Kadhimiya. He later donated the crown to the Abbas shrine museum.[20]
Early life
Al-Karbalaei was born in Karbala, to Ismail al-Karbalaei, and Siddiqa al-Tukmachi. He is the fourth of seven children.[21] Whilst in Karbala, he was inspired by senior eulogy reciter Hamza al-Zighayir, and participated in his majalis (plu. mourning gatherings), until he died in 1976.[22]
In 1980, al-Karbalaei and his family emigrated to Iran, fleeing Bathist persecution. He lived in Isfahan, near his mother's family, and it was his uncle Rasool al-Tukmachi, who discovered al-Karbalaei's talent and began to encourage him to recite praises and lamentations in memory of the Ahl al-Bayt.[8] He was then taken under the wing of a Mulla Taqi, who began taking him to the Husayniya; established by the people of Karbala who resided in Isfahan, to participate in. The first ever eulogy he recited was Taj al-Sa'ada Lel Yiwali Haidar (Arabic: تاج السعادة لليوالي حيدر), by renowned late poet, Kadhim Manthoor.[23]
Al-Karbalaei, then began to recite in different cities across Iran, at Husayniya's established by the Iraqi community. In Isfahan, he learns the Quran and its sounds well for five years. Then he goes to a person named Mullah Taghi Karbalaei to ask him for help. Bassem learns some poems from (Mullah Taghi Karbalaei). His name quickly spread between the congregations, and began to attract the youth to his majalis, and through listening to him, they would cultivate pious sensibilities.[24]
Al-Karbalaei began reciting eulogies mainly written by Muhammad-Ridha Fatthallah. However, after the death of Fatthallah, he was introduced to Jaber al-Kadhimi. al-Karbalaei and al-Kadhimi got on very well, and whilst the former was considered to be a talented reciter, the latter was considered one of the best poets of that time. It was here that a long relationship began, where they would produce modern melodies and lyrics, straying away from the traditional tunes and poetry that were recited before them.[25]
The first ten nights of Muharram (that are spent retelling the story of the murder of Hussain, his family and his companions on Ashura) are considered second only to Ramadan in its significance, and its considered the largest in congregation compared to other mourning seasons, and every Shia eulogy reciter dreams of hosting these ten nights, and al-Karbalaei's first ten night function was in 1988, in Qom. That year witnessed the beginning of al-Karbalaei's recognition as a capable reciter.
In 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, he was infected with the virus and unfortunately he could not read for the first ten nights of Muharram because of the pandemic, but in Muharram 2021, he started reading again after he recovered and the COVID-19 crisis receded.[26]
Career
In 1994, al-Karbalaei was invited to recite for the first ten nights of Muharram in Kuwait. His majalis were recorded onto tape cassettes and distributed across the Islamic world. This allowed exposure on a much larger scale, and gained him international recognition. He also began to receive invitations in other countries, as close as Lebanon and as far as Australia. He took residence in Kuwait, moving with his family.[27]
Following the advice of his mentor, Muhammad Ridha al-Shirazi, he formed a group of aspiring reciters, called Shabab al-Thaqalayn, which was an ensemble of eighty youth, similar to a choir. This group often participated in auspicious functions celebrating the births of the Ahl al-Bayt. The group produced a notable amount of senior reciters.[28]
Upon many invitations, al-Karbalaei's visited Bahrain for the first time in 2002, for the first ten nights of Muharram. This was also the first time al-Karbalaei he was going to leave Kuwait in Muharram, after performing there for eight consecutive years. This proved a new challenge for al-Karbalaei, since the people of Bahrain had a slightly different approach when it came to the culture of latom (chest beating). He managed to quickly cope and accommodate to their metre, earning the recognition as a true innovator in the eulogy reciter's world.
After the invasion of Iraq in 2003, al-Karbalaei visited Iraq, after being separated from his homeland for just over twenty-three years. He was welcomed greatly by his fellow countrymen. Majalis were hosted for him, in each of the holy sites, with crowds reaching up to hundreds of thousands. However, al-Karbalaei did not remain in Iraq for too long and returned to Kuwait, whilst still focusing on his performances across the globe.[29] He spent the next couple of years of between Manama and London for Muharram, and other Arab and Western countries for the other seasons. Eventually in 2007, he left Kuwait altogether, to settle in his wife's hometown, in Oman.[9]
Media
al-Karbalaei is the first Shia eulogy reciter to produce a kasida (elegy) in a studio. His first production was a feature in a project with Dawood Hussein,[30] called al-mubahila. After that, he went to produce over sixty albums, consisting of seven to ten tracks each.[18] He was also the first reciter to release a music video. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, he saw a huge success in album sales in Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi and Lebanon. In 2003, after the Iraq invasion, when religious repression was lifted from the Shias, religious songs became a sought for commodity. Music stores across the country would declare that in ordinary days, people would buy ten Basim CD's to one Kadhim al-Sahir CD, as for during religious seasons, sales of Basim CDs would significantly increase.[31] Gradually, al-Karbalaei's media presence and following became huge, his Youtube channel[32] began to show for this, with more than eight million subscribers and over two billion video views.[33]
al-Karbalaei has appeared on numerous state television channels, such as Bahrain, Lebanon and Iraq, and his sound tracks are constantly aired. He frequently appears on satellite channels.[34]
Works
Al-Karbalaei has authored three volumes of his book Hatha Ma Qara't (This Is What I Have Recited), which is a compilation of the elegies he has recited across his career.[35]
Personal life
Al-Karbalaei is married to an Omani woman. He has four children, a son (Ali) and three daughters (Fatima, Rayhanah and Roghayeh).[36][37] His daughter Fatima, participated in his album Sawad al-Layl, in 2007, while his son Ali and daughter Roghayeh, began participating in albums with their father in 2013 until 2017.[38]
^Shamto, Samir (2003-08-01). "Mulla Basim Awwal Hadith Sahafi Ba'd al-Ghurba" [Mulla Basim's First Journalistic Interview After Estrangement]. al-Fajr Magazine (in Arabic).
^ abal-Karbassi, Muhammad-Sadiq (2017-12-01). Diwan al-Takhmis [Collection of Stanzas] (in Arabic). Vol. 3. London, UK: Hussaini Centre for Research. p. 53. ISBN978-1-78403-025-4.
^ ab"al-Tahdith Alal Kasida al-Husayniya" [Renewing the Husayni Elegy]. Sada al-Rawdhatain Magazine (in Arabic). 2010-02-01.
^al-Kaabi, Ahmed (2010). Basim al-Karbalai Safir al-Inshad al-Husayni [Basim Karbalaei: The Ambassador of Husayni Eulogies]. Cairo, Egypt: Maktabat Tareeq al-Ma'rifa. p. 35.
^Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (2003). al-Mawroothat Wa al-Shaaer Fi Karbala [The Inherited and the Rituals In Karbala] (in Arabic). Dar al-Mahaja al-Baydha. p. 169.
^al-Kaabi, Ahmed (2010). Basim al-Karbalai Safir al-Inshad al-Husayni [Basim Karbalaei: The Ambassador of Husayni Eulogies]. Cairo, Egypt: Maktabat Tareeq al-Ma'rifa. pp. 36–7.
^"Qari' Husayni Yakhtuf Qulub al-Ajyal al-Jadida" [Husayni reciter robs the hearts of the new generation]. al-Noor Magazine (in Arabic). No. 57–58. 2005.
^al-Sheikh Ali, Abdul Qadir (2010). al-Mowsooa al-Shi'riya al-Mahdawiya (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Uloom Lil Tahqiq Wal Tibaa Wal Nashra Wal Tawzee.
^al-Kaabi, Ahmed (2010). Basim al-Karbalai Safir al-Inshad al-Husayni [Basim Karbalaei: The Ambassador of Husayni Eulogies]. Cairo, Egypt: Maktabat Tareeq al-Ma'rifa. p. 120.
^al-Kaabi, Ahmed (2010). "Munth Tufulati Wa Ana A'shaq Qira'at al-Qasa'id al-Hussainia" [Since My Childhood I Loved Reciting Husayni Elegies]. Sawt al-Safir Newspaper (in Arabic).
^"Majalis Fi London" [Programmes In London]. alhussaini.org. 2016-01-25. Archived from the original on 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2020-03-26 – via web.archive.org. Muharram 1426 - Paddington London - February 2005 - Sayyid Amer al-Hilu - Haj Basim Karbalaei
^"Majalis Fi London" [Programmes In London]. alhussaini.org. 2016-01-25. Archived from the original on 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2020-03-26 – via web.archive.org. Muharram 1427 - Paddington Central London - February 2006 - Sayyid Amer al-Hilu - Haj Basim Karbalaei
^"Majalis Fi London" [Programmes In London]. alhussaini.org. 2016-01-25. Archived from the original on 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2020-03-26 – via web.archive.org. Muharram 1428 - Kensington Town Hall London - January 2007 - Sayyid Qasim al-Jalali - Haj Basim Karbalaei
