Basanta Kumar Biswas (6 February 1895 – 11 May 1915) was an Indian pro-independence activist involved in the Jugantar group who, in December 1912, played a role in the bombing of the Viceroy's parade in what came to be known as the Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy.
Basanta Kumar Biswas was born on 6 February 1895 at Poragacha in a Bengali HinduMahishya family of Nadia district of West Bengal, to Motilal Biswas and Kunjabala Devi. His ancestor Digambar Biswas was an active leader of the Indigo revolt (Nil Bidroha,1859) against the forced cultivation of the cash crop and freedom fighter Manmathanath Biswas was his cousin. He started his schooling in M. I. School in nearby village Madhavpur with his cousin Manmathnath Biswas. In 1906, Basanta was moved to Muragacha school, where he studied upto Entrance examination. Under the guidance of Khirodh Chandra Ganguly, Head teacher of Muragacha school, Basanta started his journey of freedom fight. When he was a student of this School he took active part in the Swadeshi agitation at Poragachcha and its neighbourhood.[4][5] In 1907 he left his studies and took up a job in 1910 at a swadeshi cloth store at Uttarpara, but left it for touring the different places of India. He went to Puri, and eventually went to Benaras, where he stayed at Ramakrishna Mission. Next year he met Rash Behari Bose in Dehradun and was recruited by him. Bose trained him in arms and bombs, often called him Bishe.[6][2]
Memorial of Basanta Kumar Biswas near his birthplace in Poragacha, Nadia
Revolutionary activities
Basanta Kumar Biswas was a member of Jugantar group, known for his organisation skills and was an important intermediary between Calcutta office of Jugantar and the 'co-conspirators' in Chandannagar.[2] After meeting Rash Behari Bose in Dehradun, he was politically indoctrinated and learnt practical trainings to carry out his mission. He was brought to Lahore by Bose in October 1912 and stayed there with his Punjabi associates. At Lahore he took the job of a compounder at a popular dispensary.[7]
Biswas participated in the plot to throw a bomb on Lord Hardinge, the Viceroy of India. It was carried out by him on 23 December 1912, when Lord Hardinge was passing through Chandni Chowk, Delhi, in a state procession marking the inauguration of Delhi as the capital of India. Dressed in women's clothing , Basanta went to a rooftop overlooking viceroy's route reserved for ladies. He indrotuced himself to other spectators as Lakshmibai - an allusion to famous Rani of Jhansi. As the procession was passing by the rooftop, where Biswas was waiting, a bomb sailed down and exploded behind the viceroy. Hardinge was seriously injured , and the servant behind him holding his parasol was killed.[8] As soon as his job was done Basanta dashed down to street and threw off his saree and disappeared into the crowd. He returned to Punjab where he carried on his revolutionary activities. The authors of the deed remained obscure for many months despite the state's intense investigation, and lucrative reward.[9][10][11][12]
Biswas was arrested on 26 February 1914 at Poragachha, Nadia while he went to perform the last rites for his father. He was also accused of throwing a bomb in the Lawrence Garden, Lahore, on 17 May 1913, in which a peon was killed. The trial, which came to be called the Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy Case, began on 23 May 1914 in Delhi; Amir Chand, Abadh Behari, and Bhai Balmukund, were condemned to death in the trial, and Basanta Biswas was found guilty but initially sentenced to life imprisonment as he was just seventeen years of old.[9][10][13]
Assassination attempt on viceroy Hardinge by Biswas
An appeal was formulated at Lahore High Court. The Crown won its appeal and Biswas was sentenced to be hanged.[14]
Basanta Kumar Biswas was hanged on 11 May 1915 at Ambala Central Jail in Punjab aged twenty and became one of the youngest people to be executed during the Indian revolutionary struggles during the 20th century.[1][15]
Legacy
Statue of Basanta Biswas in a school in Nadia
There is a statue of Basanta Biswas was established by Rasbihari Basu in a park of Tokyo, Japan. Another statue is situated in front of Rabindra Bhawan, Krishnanagar, Nadia.[16] A school in civil lines, Delhi was named "Shaheed Basant Kumar Biswas Sarvodaya Vidhyalaya" in his memory. Although it was later renamed to Rajkiya Pratibha Vikas Vidyalaya. Loka Sabha Speaker Meira Kumar has installed a photo of Basanta Kumar at the Museum of the Indian Parliament. Ujjal Biswas, an Indian politician and the present Minister in the Government of West Bengal belongs to the family of Basanta Biswas.[17] The minister has been organising a three-day fair titled Basanta Mela at his village home in the month of February for the past 30 years.[18]
