Bandarawela

Bandarawela
බණ්ඩාරවෙල
பண்டாரவளை
City
Countryside scenery around Bandarawela
Countryside scenery around Bandarawela
Bandarawela is located in Sri Lanka
Bandarawela
Bandarawela
Map of Badulla District showing the location of Bandarawela.
Coordinates: 6°50′0″N 80°59′0″E / 6.83333°N 80.98333°E / 6.83333; 80.98333
CountrySri Lanka
ProvinceUva Province
DistrictBadulla District
Elevation
1,226 m (4,022 ft)
Highest elevation
(Nayabedda Peak)
1,943 m (6,375 ft)
Lowest elevation
950 m (3,120 ft)
Population
 • Total
32,000 (2,021)(Municipal council area)[1]
71,308(DS division)[2]
110,683(polling division)[3]
 • Density968/km2 (2,510/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (Sri Lanka Standard Time Zone)
Website[1]

Bandarawela (Sinhala : බණ්ඩාරවෙල, pronounced [banˈda:rawela]; Tamil: பண்டாரவளை) is the second largest town in the Badulla District which is 28 km (17 mi) away from Badulla. Bandarawela is 200 km (120 mi) away from Colombo and about 125 km (78 mi) away from Kandy, the two largest cities of Sri Lanka. Thanks to its higher altitude, compared to surrounding locations, Bandarawela has milder weather conditions throughout the year making it a tourist destination for locals. Bandarawela is within hours reach of surrounding towns and cities by both road and rail. The town is influenced by its colonial history and rests among dense, lush forestation occupying a niche among visitors as a base for tourism.

Politics

The town is governed by a municipal council and headed by a mayor. The council is elected by popular vote and has nine members. There were 16,673 registered voters in the 2011 local authorities elections.[4] The area outside the municipality is governed by the "Pradeshiya Saba" which is similar to the urban council. The Pradeshiya Saba is elected by popular vote and has 10 members. In the 2006 local authorities election there were 37,972 registered voters.[5]

History and heritage

Evidence of Human settlement has been found in Bandarawela dating back to 7500 years ago.Geometric microliths made out of quartz and chert have been found at the Church-hill prehistoric site, near the Church of the ascension Bandarawela.[6]

The ancient Dhowa Rock Temple was founded by King Walagamba in the first century B.C.E. (1 B.C.E.) and is located beside Badulla-Bandarawela highway, 6 km (3.7 mi) from Bandarawela. The temple contains a 12 m (39 ft)-high Buddha image sculpted from rock and paintings depicting Jataka stories belonging to the Kandyan era.The ancient Dhowa Buddhist rock temple is one of the well-known heritage sites in this region. Other historic areas of interest include the Roman Catholic St. Anthony's Church and a local Methodist church.

Ancient buddha statue at Dhowa temple








Geography and climate

Bandarawela is located at a high altitude and surrounded by a large number of mountains in Uva and the Central Province.The highest Mountain in the local area is Nayabedda peak, which lies 6,375 ft (1,943 m)above mean sea [7]

According to the local climatic zone classifications, Bandarawela is classified under Up Country Intermediate Zone (UCIZ) which is spread over the Badulla and Monaragala Districts. The average elevation above sea level at Bandarawela is 4,242 ft (1,293 m).The elevation of Bandarawela ranges between3,110 ft (950 m) and 6,375 ft (1,943 m),[8] the annual average rainfall is 1,652 mm (65.0 in) and the monthly average temperature is between 18.9 °C (66.0 °F) (in January) and 22.4 °C (72.3 °F) (in May). The average annual temperature in Bandarawela is 21.0 °C (69.8 °F).[9] The Bandarawela area consists mainly of red yellow Podzolic soil, which is strongly acidic and favourable for tea plantations.The Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as Tropical rainforest (Af)[10] bordering with a subtropical highland (Cfb) climate at Haputale .[11][12]

Climate data for Bandarawela, elevation 1,226 m (4,022 ft), (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 26.4
(79.5) 		28.7
(83.7) 		30.8
(87.4) 		30.4
(86.7) 		31.3
(88.3) 		31.1
(88.0) 		30.2
(86.4) 		30.7
(87.3) 		31.7
(89.1) 		30.8
(87.4) 		27.9
(82.2) 		27.4
(81.3) 		31.7
(89.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.9
(73.2) 		24.4
(75.9) 		26.1
(79.0) 		26.3
(79.3) 		27.0
(80.6) 		26.5
(79.7) 		26.4
(79.5) 		26.4
(79.5) 		26.1
(79.0) 		25.0
(77.0) 		23.7
(74.7) 		22.7
(72.9) 		25.3
(77.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 18.9
(66.0) 		19.7
(67.5) 		20.7
(69.3) 		21.6
(70.9) 		22.4
(72.3) 		22.3
(72.1) 		22.2
(72.0) 		22.1
(71.8) 		21.7
(71.1) 		21.1
(70.0) 		20.1
(68.2) 		19.2
(66.6) 		21.0
(69.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 14.9
(58.8) 		14.9
(58.8) 		15.4
(59.7) 		16.9
(62.4) 		17.9
(64.2) 		18.1
(64.6) 		18.0
(64.4) 		17.7
(63.9) 		17.3
(63.1) 		16.8
(62.2) 		16.4
(61.5) 		15.8
(60.4) 		16.7
(62.1)
Record low °C (°F) 8.6
(47.5) 		8.6
(47.5) 		10.9
(51.6) 		13.5
(56.3) 		15.3
(59.5) 		10.7
(51.3) 		13.7
(56.7) 		14.7
(58.5) 		14.4
(57.9) 		13.9
(57.0) 		10.5
(50.9) 		8.7
(47.7) 		8.6
(47.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 153.0
(6.02) 		96.4
(3.80) 		137.6
(5.42) 		236.4
(9.31) 		171.2
(6.74) 		90.5
(3.56) 		71.2
(2.80) 		67.8
(2.67) 		165.4
(6.51) 		347.1
(13.67) 		338.1
(13.31) 		231.3
(9.11) 		2,106
(82.91)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 14.5 10.3 11.2 18.5 14.6 7.4 6.9 8.1 12.9 22.3 24.2 19.5 170.7
Source: NOAA[13]

Demography

Bandarawela is a Sinhala majority town. There are sizable communities belonging to other ethnic groups such as Indian Tamils, Sri Lanka Moors and Sri Lanka Tamils.The peripheral areas are generally Sinhala majority neighbourhoods, estate regions (such as Liyangahawela and Nayabedda) have an Indian Tamil majority.The urban areas of Bandarawela East and West are ethnically diverse, with small Malay and Burgher communities.

Ethnicity Population[14] % of total
Sinhalese 17368 72.6
Sri Lankan Tamils 3145 13.1
Sri Lankan Moors 2,488 10.4
Indian Tamils 923 3.9
Total 23,924 100

Religion

The Main religions in Bandarawela are Buddhism,Hinduism,Islam and Catholicism

Religions
Buddhism 26932 (76.11%)
Hinduism 3583 (10.13%)
Islam 3288 (9.29%)
Roman Catholic 942 (2.66%)
Other Christian 640 (1.81%)
Rāma in Hindu Temple Bandarawela Murugan Kovil
Bandarawela Peace Pagoda, a Buddhist Temple

Religion in Bandarawela [14]

  Buddhism (76.11%)
  Hinduism (10.13%)
  Islam (9.29%)
  Christianity(incl.Roman Catholics) (4.47%)

Economy

Locals depend primarily upon agriculture and livestock farming to make a living.[15] Many people are directly involved in vegetable cultivation and some work as laborers in tea estates, mainly Indian Tamils. There are a large number of tea plantations managed by both private and government run businesses that produce good quality tea for the world market.Apiculture is a niche economical activity in Bandarawela, with the Bee Development unit of the Sri Lankan department of agriculture being located here .[16]Many types of vegetables are grown in this area throughout the year, such as leek, carrot, beet root, cauliflower and cabbage. Commercial flower cultivation and spice cultivation also contributes to the economy. The Wholesale Vegetale Market in Bandarawela is one of the largest and most important in Sri Lanka

The mean monthly income in Badulla district was 66,413LKR in 2019, slightly lower than the national average.[17].Despite this, in 2013 Bandarawela had a very low poverty rate compared to neighbouring areas,and was more comparable to Gampaha district in the Western province[18]

Tea Estate in Bandarawela

Industry does not play a major role in the economy of Bandarawela.Garment factories are the only notable industrial plants.

Tourism is a major source of income in Bandarawela which boasts many holiday resorts, cottages and hotels.Bandarawela is directly influenced by the popular tourist destinations Ella and Haputale, which are both located 11km away from Banadarawela in opposite directions. The majority of people in Bandarawela are employed in the service sector,with many people working the government ,hospitality and trade sectors. Bandarawela Commercial Centre is a Government owned outlet mall that houses the farmers market of Bandarawela.

Education

During World War II, many schools in Colombo were temporarily moved to Bandarawela such as Royal College, St. Thomas' College and Visakha Vidyalaya.[19][20] These schools relocated to Bandarawela due to the fear caused by the Japanese bombs. Some schools in the area include Bandarawela Central college, Dharmapala Vidyalaya, Visakha Vidyalaya, Tamil Central College, Little Flower Convent and St. Joseph's College. These schools are governed by the central government of Sri Lanka. S. Thomas' College, Bandarawela is the leading private school and the only boys' school in Bandarawela.

Tourism

Bandarawela is located adjacent to many tourist sites, which has made a base for tourists,both local and foreign. a few tourist destinations. are listed below.

Porawagala, Bandarawela
Front view of the Adisham Bungalow
  • Porawagala, elevation 1,330 metres (4,360 ft), is a viewing point overlooking the town about 3 km (1.9 mi) east of Bandarawela railway station and bus stand.[21][22]
  • Ravana Falls (25 m (82 ft) in height) and Diyaluma Falls (191 m (627 ft) in height) are notable waterfalls in this region. Rawana Ella is situated in Ella near the Ella-Wellawaya main road(A23) and Diyaluma is situated near the village of Koslanda, on the Colombo-Batticaloa highway.
  • Adisham Bungalow, Bandarawela Hotel and Lipton's Seat are a few other historic places in the local area.
  • Poonagala, Ampittiakande,Uva highlands,Dambetanne Liyangahawela and Halpe are some notable tea estates in the area.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Bandarawela Municipal Council | Cities". SoSLC.
  2. ^ http://bandarawela.ds.gov.lk/index.php/en/statistical-information.html [bare URL]
  3. ^ "Census of Population and Housing 2012". statistics.gov.lk. Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka. 2012.
  4. ^ "Department of election". slelections.gov.lk. 2006. Archived from the original on 10 December 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2009.
  5. ^ "Department of election". slelections.gov.lk. 2006. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
  6. ^ "Bandarawellian Culture: Open-air sites of the Church Hills of Bandarawela | Sri Lanka Archaeology". 20 September 2021.
  7. ^ level.https://en-us.topographic-map.com/map-m1glz4/Bandarawela/
  8. ^ "Bandarawela topographic map, elevation, terrain".
  9. ^ "Climate & Weather Averages in Bandarawela, Sri Lanka". www.timeanddate.com.
  10. ^ "Bandarawela climate: Temperature Bandarawela & Weather By Month". en.climate-data.org.
  11. ^ "https://en.climate-data.org/asia/sri-lanka/uva/bandarawela-717607/"/>
  12. ^ "Weather for Bandarawela, Badulla District, LK".
  13. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Bandarawela". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  14. ^ a b "Bandarawela Municipal Council | Cities".
  15. ^ Badulla District
  16. ^ "ETC-Bee_development_unit – Department of Agriculture Sri lanka".
  17. ^ Household Income and Expenditure Survey – 2019 Final Result
  18. ^ http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Poverty/StaticalInformation/SpatialDistributionPovertySriLanka-2012-13 [bare URL]
  19. ^ "About".
  20. ^ "Our History".
  21. ^ Briggs, Philip (2018). Sri Lanka. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 442. ISBN 9781784770570. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  22. ^ "Porawagala Viewpoint – Bandarawela".
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