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Bamboo's natural hollow form makes it an obvious choice for many musical instruments. In South and South East Asia, traditional uses of bamboo the instrument include various types of woodwind instruments, such as flutes, and devices like xylophones and organs, which require resonating sections. In some traditional instruments bamboo is the primary material, while others combine bamboo with other materials such as wood and leather.

Bamboo has been used to create a variety of instruments including flutes, mouth organs, saxophones, trumpets, drums and xylophones.

There are numerous types of bamboo flutes made all over the world, such as the dizi, xiao, shakuhachi, palendag and jinghu. In the Indian subcontinent, it is a very popular and highly respected musical instrument, available even to the poorest and the choice of many highly venerated maestros of classical music. It is known and revered above all as the divine flute forever associated with Lord Krishna, who is always portrayed holding a bansuri in sculptures and paintings. Four of the instruments used in Polynesia for traditional hula are made of bamboo: nose flute, rattle, stamping pipes and the jaw harp. Bamboo may be used in the construction of the Australian didgeridoo instead of the more traditional eucalyptus wood.

In Indonesia and the Philippines, bamboo has been used for making various kinds of musical instruments, including the kolintang, angklung and bumbong. Bamboo is also used to make slit drums. Traditional Philippine bamboo ensemble use a variety of bamboo musical instruments, including the marimba, angklung, panpipes and bumbong, as well as bamboo versions of western instruments, such as clarinets, saxophones, and tubas.^[2] The Las Piñas Bamboo Organ in the Philippines has pipes made of bamboo culms. The modern amplified string instrument, the Chapman stick, is also constructed using bamboo. The khene (also spelled khaen, kaen and khen; Lao: ແຄນ, Thai: แคน) is a mouth organ of Lao origin whose pipes, which are usually made of bamboo, are connected with a small, hollowed-out hardwood reservoir into which air is blown, creating a sound similar to that of the cello. In the Indian Ocean island of Madagascar, the valiha, a long tube zither made of a single bamboo stalk, is considered the national instrument.

Bamboo has also recently been used for the manufacture of guitars and ukuleles. Bamboo Ukuleles are constructed of solid cross laminated bamboo strips not plywood. The bamboo solid wood strips are similar to bamboo manufactured flooring.

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  Top and bottom-side views of a shakuhachi, end-blown bamboo flutes from Japan
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  Toka, bamoo clapper, Assam, Nepal
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  Bamboo tanggetang tube zither, Sumatra
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  Bamboo tube-zither drum
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  Bamboo tube-zither drum
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  Bamboo gong or slit drum, Agung a tamlang, Philippines
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  Indonesian slit drum
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  Sasando tube zither
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  Bamboo half-tube zithers
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  Double-reed clarinet, North Africa
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  Magruna double reed clarinet, Libya
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  Bamboo trumpet, Sulawesi, Indonesia
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  Siku, Pan pipes, Bolivia or Peru, Andes Mountains
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  Pan pipes, New Ireland Province, Queensland, Australia
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  bamboo Jew's Harp
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  Ainu Jew's Harpo
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  Bali Indonesia Xylophone-player, photo by CEphoto, Uwe Aranas
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  Bala, African xylophone
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  Bamboo marimba, one of the instruments created by Harry Partch
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  bamboo flutes
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  Bansuri, Indian Subcontinent
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  Sáo, Vietnamese flute
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  Angklung, Indonesia
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  Kolintang xylophone and angklung, Indonesia
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  Bamboo organ, Saint Joseph Parish Church, Las Piñas, Metro Manila, Philippine
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  Bamboo saxophone, Argentina
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  Khene, mouth organ, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos
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  Sheng mouth organ, China
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  Lusheng mouth organ
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  Ploong, a musical instrument of the Mru people, Bangladesh
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  Jinghu, Chinese bowed string instrument
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  Musician Agustinus Sasundu of Sangihe, with a bamboo wind instrument