Baking powder submarine

Toy submarine powered by baking powder

A baking powder submarine is a plastic toy submarine that dives and surfaces with the addition of baking powder. Baking powder submarines are sometimes misidentified as "baking soda submarines"; however, baking soda alone dissolves but does not react when placed in water.

History

In 1953 Benjamin and Harry Hirsch, two brothers in a cosmetics company, discovered that carbon dioxide gas bubbles produced in wet baking powder as part of the chemical leavening process could be used to make a toy submarine dive up and down in fresh water.

They sold their idea to the Kellogg's breakfast cereal company in 1954.[1]: 34  Buoyed by the popularity of the first American atomic submarine USS Nautilus commissioned in that year, a million 4.5-inch (110 mm) plastic ship model prizes were produced by May. They were mailed out in return for a fee of 25 cents and one cereal boxtop. A smaller 2.5-inch (64 mm) version was later produced to be used as a cereal box prize not requiring separate redemption by mail.[2][3]

Principle of operation

Baking powder is placed into a compartment in the bottom of the toy which is sealed except for a small hole (or holes). The toy sinks when placed into water, but after a few seconds, enough water leaks in to react with the baking powder and produce carbon dioxide bubbles. The resulting foam creates just enough buoyancy in the toy for it to rise towards the surface of the water. When the toy surfaces, it capsizes, releasing the gas into the air. The toy sinks, beginning the reaction again and repeating the entire process.[1]: 35 

The same principle of operation was later used for toy frogmen powered by baking powder in a small container on the foot of the figure. However, some other cereal prizes were cartesian divers, which operated on a different principle and did not require baking powder.

  • In the original novel and film Billy Liar, the title character's parents say they declared their love for him by buying him a box of corn flakes with a submarine inside.[4]
  • In the Everybody Loves Raymond episode "Your Place or Mine?", Ray and Robert (and later Robert and Frank) fight over who gets to own the submarine cereal prize (Robert loses both times).[5]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Edwin J. C. Sobey; Woody Sobey (2008). The Way Toys Work: The Science Behind the Magic 8 Ball, Etch a Sketch, Boomerang, and More. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-61374-309-6.
  2. ^ Torgo - Baking Powder Submarines & Baking Soda Submarines
  3. ^ David Veart (1 February 2015). Hello Girls & Boys!: A New Zealand Toy Story. Auckland University Press. pp. 210–. ISBN 978-1-77558-763-7.
  4. ^ | Billy Liar quotes
  5. ^ "1x07 Your Place or Mine?". ShareTV.com. ShareTV, Inc. Retrieved 30 April 2016.

Read other articles:

Panjang ikatan

Struktur dan dimensi dari molekul SOCl2. Dimensi yang diberikan adalah rata-rata dimensi yang ditentukan oleh spektroskopi gelombang mikro[1] dan kristalografi sinar-X.[2] Dalam geometri molekul, panjang ikatan atau jarak ikatan adalah jarak rata-rata antara inti dua atom yang terikat dalam molekul. Hal ini adalah salah satu sifat yang dapat dipindahkan dari ikatan antara atom dari jenis tetap, yang relatif independen dari molekul tersebut. Panjang ikatan berhubungan dengan or...

 

Article 9 de la Constitution de la Cinquième République française

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le droit français. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Article 9 de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 Données clés Présentation Pays France Langue(s) officielle(s) Français Type Article de la Constitution Adoption et entrée en vigueur Législature IIIe législature de la Quatrième République française Gouvernement Charles de Gaulle (3e) Promulgation 4 ...

 

Shikokuchūō

City in Shikoku, JapanShikokuchūō 四国中央市CityDoi Taiko (Japanese drum) Festival, held on October 13 to 15 every year FlagSealLocation of Shikokuchūō in Ehime PrefectureShikokuchūōLocation in JapanCoordinates: 33°59′N 133°33′E / 33.983°N 133.550°E / 33.983; 133.550CountryJapanRegionShikokuPrefectureEhimeGovernment • MayorMinoru Shinohara (since April 2013)Area • Total421.24 km2 (162.64 sq mi)Population (...

National Italian American Foundation

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento associazioni non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. National Italian American FoundationLa sede della NIAF AbbreviazioneNIAF Tipono-profit Fondazione1975 ScopoPromozione della lingua, della cultura e dell'eredità italiana negli Stati Uniti Sede centrale Washington Area di azioneStati Uniti Presidente John M....

 

Джек и Бобби

Джек и Боббиангл. Jack & Bobby Жанр Подростковая драма Создатели Грег БерлантиСтивен А. КоэнВанесса ТейлорБред Мельтцер Режиссёры Дэвид ПетраркаПитер МарлиДэвид НаттерМайкл ШульцПерри Лонг В главных ролях Мэтт ЛонгЛоган ЛерманКристин ЛахтиДжессика ПареЭдвин ХоджДжо�...

 

Associazione Sportiva Potenza 1937-1938

Questa voce sull'argomento stagioni delle società calcistiche italiane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Voce principale: Potenza Sport Club. Associazione Sportiva PotenzaStagione 1937-1938Sport calcio Squadra Potenza Allenatore Armand Halmos Presidente Alfredo Viviani Serie C7º posto nel girone E. 1936-1937 1938-1939 Si invita a seguire il modello di voce Questa pagina raccoglie l...

Guilty (Gravity Kills song)

1996 remix album (single) by Gravity KillsGuiltyRemix album (single) by Gravity KillsReleasedFebruary 13, 1996GenreIndustrial rock, tranceLength4:05 (album version)LabelTVTGravity Kills chronology Guilty(1996) Gravity Kills(1996) Music videoGuilty on Vimeo Guilty is a remix single by Gravity Kills, released by TVT Records. It also includes the album version of the song, and tracks 6 and 7 include both the remix by tomandandy, and the demo version of Goodbye. The Juno Reactor r...

 

The Punisher (film 2004)

The PunisherPunisher (Thomas Jane) in una scena del filmTitolo originaleThe Punisher Paese di produzioneStati Uniti d'America, Germania Anno2004 Durata124 min140 min (extended cut) Rapporto2,35 : 1 Genereazione, poliziesco, thriller RegiaJonathan Hensleigh Soggettodal fumetto della Marvel Comics creato da Gerry Conway & Ross Andru SceneggiaturaMichael France, Jonathan Hensleigh ProduttoreAvi Arad, Gale Anne Hurd Produttore esecutivoKevin Feige, Stan Lee, Christopher Ebert...

 

Dmitry Borovikov

Russian neo-Nazi (1984–2006) In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Alexandrovich and the family name is Borovikov. Dmitry Alexandrovich BorovikovДмитрий Александрович БоровиковBorn(1984-06-09)June 9, 1984Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet UnionDiedMay 18, 2006(2006-05-18) (aged 21)Saint Petersburg, RussiaCause of deathGunshot woundOther namesKislyiCriminal statusDeceasedMotiveRacially motivated; maintaining th...

Horneophytopsida

Horneophytopsida (atau Horneophyta) adalah kelas tumbuhan punah yang terdiri dari batang bercabang tanpa daun, akar sejati atau jaringan pembuluh, yang berasal dari zaman Silur Akhir hingga Devon Awal (sekitar 430–390 juta tahun yang lalu). Horneophytopsida merupakan polysporangiophyta yang paling sederhana, yaitu tumbuhan dengan sporofit yang membawa banyak organ pembentuk spora (sporangium) pada batang bercabang. Kelas ini sebelumnya dikelompokkan di antara rhyniophyta, namun kemudian ter...

 

فرانسيسكو فيتو

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) فرانسيسكو فيتو معلومات شخصية الميلاد 21 أكتوبر 1902   الوفاة 6 أبريل 1968 (65 سنة)   ميلانو  مواطنة إيطاليا (18 يونيو 1946–6 أبريل 1968) مملكة إيطاليا (21 أكتوبر 1902–1...

 

Wars of the Three Kingdoms

British civil wars, 1639–1653This article is about the British Isles. For the three kingdoms period in ancient China, see Three Kingdoms. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Wars of the Three KingdomsPart of the European wars of religionMonarch of the Three Kingdoms: Charles I in Three Po...

Region di Kamerun

Kamerun Artikel ini adalah bagian dari seri: Politik dan KetatanegaraanKamerun Presiden Paul Biya Perdana Menteri Ephraïm Inoni Majelis Nasional Partai politik Pemilihan umum: 2007 Provinsi Divisi Hubungan luar negeri Negara lain · Atlas Portal politiklihatbicarasunting Kamerun dibagi menjadi 10 region pada pembagian administratif tingkat pertama. Region Sepuluh region di Kamerun No. Nama Ibu kota Kode Luas(km²) Populasi(sensus 2005) 1 Adamawa Ngaoundéré CM-AD 63,701...

 

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会埃及代表团

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会埃及代表團埃及国旗IOC編碼EGYNOC埃及奥林匹克委员会網站www.egyptianolympic.org（阿拉伯文）（英文）2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会（東京）2021年7月23日至8月8日（受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟，但仍保留原定名称）運動員141參賽項目25个大项旗手开幕式：阿萊爾丁·阿波爾卡西姆（击剑）和海達雅·馬拉克（跆拳道）[1]闭幕式：Giana Farouk（空手道） ...

 

مدقق (صوفية)

هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (مايو 2023) هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق م...

Guillotine

Alat pancung guillotine Guillotine adalah sebuah alat untuk memancung seseorang yang telah divonis hukuman mati dengan cepat dan 'manusiawi'. Guillotine menjadi terkenal pada Revolusi Prancis, tetapi sebenarnya sebelumnya sudah ada alat seperti ini. Guillotine dinamakan menurut Joseph Ignace Guillotin (1738–1814), yang menyarankan supaya memakai alat ini sebagai alat eksekusi. Ironisnya ia sendiri sebenarnya tidak setuju dengan hukuman mati. Ia berharap bahwa alat'nya' akan menghapuskan huk...

 

Tibet

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang konsep etnokultural historis Tibet. Untuk wilayah administrasi sekarang, lihat Daerah Otonom Tibet. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Tibet (disambiguasi). Koordinat: 31°N 89°E / 31°N 89°E / 31; 89               Tibet Raya yang diklaim oleh kelompok eksil Tibet   Wilayah otonomi Tibet, seperti yang dideskripsikan oleh Tiongkok   Daerah Otonom Tibet, di Tiongkok Wilayah yang dikontrol Tiongkok,...

 

.bg

Internet country code top-level domain for Bulgaria.bgIntroducedJanuary 3, 1995; 29 years ago (1995-01-03)TLD typeCountry code top-level domainStatusActiveRegistryRegister.bgSponsorRegister.bgIntended useEntities connected with BulgariaActual usePopular in BulgariaRegistration restrictionsMust be in Bulgaria or have a representative thereStructureRegistrations are taken at second or third levelDocumentsTerms & conditions (2018)DNSSECyesIDNyesRegistry websitewww.register....

Sodanitro

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento mineralogia non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. SodanitroClassificazione StrunzV/A.01 Formula chimicaNaNO3 Proprietà cristallograficheSistema cristallinotrigonale Classe di simmetriaesagonale scalenoedrica Parametri di cellaa = 5.07, c = 16.829 Gruppo punt...

 

علم الاجتماع السياسي

علم الاجتماع السياسيصنف فرعي من علم الاجتماع — علوم سياسية يمتهنه political sociologist (en) فروع sociology of voting (en) المواضيع political behavior (en) — نظام سياسي — نفوذ تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات علم الاجتماع السياسي هو أحد الفروع الرئيسية في علم الاجتماع وأكثرها تطورا، فهو مصطلح حديث �...