BC2 (classification)

This article is about the boccia classification. For the library classification, see Bliss bibliographic classification.

BC2 is a boccia classification. The class is open to people with several different types of disabilities, including cerebral palsy. BC2 players have events open to them in boccia on the Paralympic Games program.

Definition

In 2000, BBC Sport defined this classification as "in class 2 those with poor functional strength in all extremities and trunk but able to propel a wheelchair. "[1] In 2008, BBC Sport defined this classification was "BC2: Athletes have poor functional strength in their extremities, but can propel a wheelchair and are not eligible for assistance"[2] In 2008, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation defined this classification was "BC2: This category is for throwing players only. No assistance can be given to players in this section of the competition."[3] In 2012, the Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association defined this classification as: "BC 2 – These athlete have greater sitting balance than a BC1 athlete and is usually able to pick th ball up from the floor. The athlete can often throw overhand and underhand."[4] In 2012, the Great Britain Boccia Federation defined this classification as: "Players with Cerebral Palsy who are able to use their hands to consistently propel a ball into play and have greater functional ability than a BC1 athlete"[5]

The classification is CP2, a classification used for other sports classified using the CP-ISRA Classification system.[6]

Disability groups

See also: CP2 (classification)
The spasticity athetosis level and location of a CP2 sportsperson.

One of the disability groups in this classification is boccia with cerebral palsy, including CP-ISRA CP1 classified players. .[7][8]

CP2 competitors compete in the BC1 or BC2 class in BisFed events.[9][10] BC1 CP2 boccia players may push the ball with their feet instead of their arms or using a ramp like CP1 players in the same class.[9][10][11] They are allowed to have assistants.[11] BC2 classified players are not allowed to have assistants.[11]

CP2 boccia tend to use electric wheelchairs in everyday life. They may have controlled shakes and twitches. This bodily activity can spike their metabolic rate.[11][12][13][14] They can operate a manual wheelchair but this is restricted because of motor control issues.[13] Functional control issues effect all or most of their limbs.[14][15][16] When participating in sport, CP2 competitors tend to have low energy expenditure.[12]

Competition rules and organization

Events this classification competes in are mixed gendered competitions for either single players or a pair of players.[5][17] The match will be six ends long, with each player having three balls per end.[5] In team play, a team is allowed to have one substitute per classification.[6] Players in this classification have five minutes to play an end.[6]

Classification and sport history

Boccia made its debut on the Paralympic program at the 1984 Games.[18] Boccia began to develop as an important sport for people in this class as track events began to disappear. The timing of this matched with a push by the CP-ISRA to promote the sport.[19]

Competition information and results

At the 2012 Australian national championships held at the Sydney Sport & Recreation from 30 April to 3 May, the BC2 individual event was won by Scott Elsworth of New South Wales, second by Fiona Lyons of Queensland and third by Lachlan Kavanagh of Queensland.[20]

Paralympic Games

At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, this classification competed in a six end individual event, and a team event featuring BC1 and BC2 competing against each other, with three players per team, one of whom must be BC1. The match will be six ends long, with each player having three balls per end.[5] In team play, a team is allowed to have one substitute per classification.[6] Players in this classification have five minutes to play an end.[6]

For the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, the International Paralympic Committee had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training preparations. All competitors needed to be internationally classified with their classification status confirmed prior to the Games, with exceptions to this policy being dealt with on a case-by-case basis.[21] In case there was a need for classification or reclassification at the Games despite best efforts otherwise, boccia classification was scheduled for September 8 at Carioca Arena 2.[21]

Competitors

Competitors in this classification include Nigel Murray of Great Britain who won the country's first Paralympic gold medal in the sport in 2000.[17] Other competitors in this classification include Joshua Rowe who has represented both Scotland and Great Britain.[22]

Becoming classified

Classification is handled by Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association.[23] The classification officer for the Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association is Joan Steele-Mills.[24]

To be eligible for classification, a boccia competitor "must have a diagnosis of cerebral palsy, stroke, head injury or other nonprogressive brain damage with locomotor dysfunction, either congenital or acquired (exception: Boccia “BC 4” players)."[25] Classification for international events requires the presence of an international Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association classifier, which classification opportunities offered a few days before a major international competition. When seeking international classification, boccia competitors are expected to be wearing appropriate clothing, fitting for the sport and not to loose fitting. The competitor seeking classification needs to bring identification and all equipment necessary to participate in boccia. During classification, several things will be assessed, including "abilities, athletic function, sports specific testing, observation during competition, and taking the athletes picture for their ID card."[25]

Protesting classification

Competitors are allowed to protest their classification if they disagree with it. There is a formal process in place to allow this. On the international level, there are two types of protests: "new" protests for competitors who have not been previously classified and "review" protests for competitors who seek review before a major international competition. The protest on the international level must be made by the competitor's representative national Paralympic Committee or by the competitor's representative national sport federation. When a boccia competitor has been classified in the lead up to a major international championship, the relevant sporting bodies have 60 minutes from the end of the classification to protest it. Otherwise, if a competitor is classified outside of an event period, the relevant sporting organisations have thirty days after the last competition in which to file a protest. The relevant sporting body may also file a protest in a period of more than sixty days before the competitor is supposed to participate in an international event.[26]

References

  1. ^ "Making sense of the categories". United Kingdom: BBC Sport. 6 October 2000. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  2. ^ "A-Z of Paralympic classification". BBC Sport. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  3. ^ McGarry, Andrew (3 September 2008). "Paralympics categories explained". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  4. ^ Kellner, Margrey (9 April 2012). "Classification Profiles" (PDF). Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association.[permanent dead link‍]
  5. ^ a b c d "About Boccia". London, England: Great Britain Boccia Federation. 2012. Archived from the original on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  6. ^ a b c d e CP-ISRA. "CP-ISRA INTERNATIONAL BOCCIA RULES" (PDF). Paralympics New Zealand. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-08-29. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  7. ^ "CLASSIFICATION AND SPORTS RULE MANUAL" (PDF). CPISRA. January 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 15, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  8. ^ "Classification Made Easy" (PDF). Sportability British Columbia. July 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  9. ^ a b "CLASSIFICATION AND SPORTS RULE MANUAL" (PDF). CPISRA. January 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 15, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  10. ^ a b "Classification Made Easy" (PDF). Sportability British Columbia. July 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  11. ^ a b c d Hutson, Michael; Speed, Cathy (2011-03-17). Sports Injuries. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199533909.
  12. ^ a b Broad, Elizabeth (2014-02-06). Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes. CRC Press. ISBN 9781466507562.
  13. ^ a b "CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS WITH A DISABILITY". Queensland Sport. Archived from the original on April 4, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  14. ^ a b "Kategorie postižení handicapovaných sportovců". Tyden (in Czech). September 12, 2008. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  15. ^ "Clasificaciones de Ciclismo" (PDF). Comisión Nacional de Cultura Física y Deporte (in Mexican Spanish). Mexico. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  16. ^ "Invitation til DHIF's Atletik Forbunds". Frederiksberg Handicapidræt (in Danish). 2007. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  17. ^ a b "Guide to the Paralympic Games – Sport by sport guide" (PDF). London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. 2011. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  18. ^ Whyte, Gregory; Loosemore, Mike; Williams, Clyde (2015-07-27). ABC of Sports and Exercise Medicine. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118777503.
  19. ^ Howe, David (2008-02-19). The Cultural Politics of the Paralympic Movement: Through an Anthropological Lens. Routledge. ISBN 9781134440832.
  20. ^ "Boccia". Australia: Australian Athletes with a Disability. 2012. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  21. ^ a b "Rio 2016 Classification Guide" (PDF). International Paralympic Committee. March 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  22. ^ "Talent". London, England: Great Britain Boccia Federation. 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-05-15. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  23. ^ "Guide to the Paralympic Games – Appendix 1" (PDF). London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. 2011. p. 41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  24. ^ "Classification". Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  25. ^ a b "The Classification Process" (PDF). Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association. 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  26. ^ "Classification Protest Guide" (PDF). Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association. September 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2012.[permanent dead link‍]