Avoidable consequences rule

Part of the common law series
Tort law
(Outline)
Trespass to the person
Property torts
Dignitary torts
Negligent torts
Principles of negligence
Strict and absolute liability
Nuisance
Economic torts
Defences
Liability
Remedies
Other topics in tort law
By jurisdiction
Other common law areas

The avoidable consequences rule is a concept in United States jurisprudence which comes from a common-law rule barring recovery of damages that a tort victim "could have avoided by the use of reasonable effort or expenditure after the commission of the tort."[1] This concept recognizes as fact, that if a plaintiff is injured by a defendant, that the plaintiff must take reasonable steps to avoid aggravating the injuries caused by the defendant.

  1. Except as stated in Subsection (2), one injured by the tort of another is not entitled to recover damages for any harm that he could have avoided by the use of reasonable effort or expenditure after the commission of the tort.
  2. One is not prevented from recovering damages for a particular harm resulting from a tort if the tortfeasor intended the harm or was aware of it and was recklessly disregardful of it, unless the injured person with knowledge of the danger of the harm intentionally or heedlessly failed to protect his own interests.[2]

For example, if one thinks of a surgery as highly dangerous and likely to cause a greater likelihood of injury and damages, perhaps because the surgery itself is unreasonable, a plaintiff must take reasonable steps to avoid aggravating the injuries. Thus the duty to mitigate is exercised when a reasonable person declines risky surgery for fear that it may make the entire injury worse.

Religious beliefs and reasonability

Religious beliefs may not be considered when determining whether a plaintiff with a duty to mitigate injuries, acted unreasonably when they failed to mitigate injuries on the grounds that it was against their religion.

The [...] court, in accepting the sincerity of plaintiff['s] [...] beliefs as a given and asking the jury to consider the reasonableness of her actions only in the context of her own religion, effectively provided government endorsement to those beliefs. American courts have no business endorsing or condemning the truth or falsity of anyone's religious beliefs.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ Jeremy Pomeroy, Reason, Religion, and Avoidable Consequences: When Faith and the Duty to Mitgate Collide, 67 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 1111, 1113 (1992)
  2. ^ Restatement (Second) of Torts § 918 (1979)
  3. ^ Williams v. Bright, 658 N.Y.S.2d 910, 914 (N.Y. App. Div. 1st Dept. 1997)


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