Austrochiloidea

Austrochiloidea
Gradungula sorenseni male
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Superfamily: Austrochiloidea
Families

Austrochilidae Zapfe, 1955
Gradungulidae Forster, 1955

The Austrochiloidea or austrochiloids are a group of araneomorph spiders, treated as a superfamily. The taxon contains two families of eight-eyed spiders:[1]

Phylogeny

The monophyly of the Austrochiloidea has been supported in both morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies. The position of the clade relative to two much larger groups, Haplogynae and Entelegynae, has varied. A summary in 2005 showed the Austrochiloidea to be basal to both groups:[2][3]

Austrochiloidea

Haplogynae

Entelegynae

Two studies have placed representatives of the Austrochiloidea between the two, suggesting they have more derived characters than previously supposed:[3][4][5]

Haplogynae

Austrochiloidea

Entelegynae

References

  1. ^ Forster, Raymond R.; Platnick, Norman I. & Gray, Michael R. (1987). A review of spider superfamilies Hypochiloidea and Austrochiloidea (Araneae, Araneomorphae) (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.
  2. ^ Coddington, Jonathan A. (2005). "Phylogeny and classification of spiders" (PDF). In Ubick, D.; Paquin, P.; Cushing, P.E. & Roth, V. (eds.). Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society. pp. 18–24. Retrieved 2015-09-24. p. 20.
  3. ^ a b Bond, Jason E.; Garrison, Nicole L.; Hamilton, Chris A.; Godwin, Rebecca L.; Hedin, Marshal & Agnarsson, Ingi (2014). "Phylogenomics Resolves a Spider Backbone Phylogeny and Rejects a Prevailing Paradigm for Orb Web Evolution". Current Biology. 24 (15): 1765–1771. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.034. PMID 25042592. p. 1766.
  4. ^ Blackledge, Todd A.; Scharff, Nikolaj; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Szüts, Tamas; Wenzel, John W.; Hayashi, Cheryl Y. & Agnarsson, Ingi (2009), "Reconstructing web evolution and spider diversification in the molecular era", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (13): 5229–5234, Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.5229B, doi:10.1073/pnas.0901377106, PMC 2656561, PMID 19289848
  5. ^ Griswold, C.E.; Ramirez, M.J.; Coddington, J.A. & Platnick, N.I. (2005). "Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny" (PDF). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 56 (Suppl. 2): 1–324. Retrieved 2015-10-11. p. 314.