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Aurel Babeș
Aurel Babeș
Born	December 11, 1886; Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania
Died	December 31, 1961 (aged 75); Bucharest, Romanian People's Republic
Resting place	Bellu Cemetery, Bucharest
Nationality	Romanian
Alma mater	Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Known for	Vaginal smear as screening test for cervical cancer
Spouse	Lucia Șerbănescu
	Scientific career
Fields	Medicine
Institutions	Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Thesis	Cerebrospinal fluid: Clinical and experimental study (1915)

Aurel A. Babeș (11 December 1886 – 7 August 1962) was a Romanian scientist and one of the discoverers of the vaginal smear as screening test for cervical cancer.

Biography

Aurel Babeș was born in 1886, in Bucharest. His father, Aurel V. Babeș (1852–1925), was the son of Vincențiu Babeș; he studied under Robert Bunsen at Heidelberg University and was a chemistry professor at the Faculty of Veterinary Science of the University of Bucharest.^[1]^[2] His paternal uncle was Victor Babeș, co-author (with Victor André Cornil) of the first treaty of bacteriology.^[3]

After attending Gheorghe Lazăr High School, Babeș enrolled in 1905 at the Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, graduating in 1911. He received his Doctorate magna cum laude in 1915 with thesis Cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical and experimental study, which was awarded the Hillel Award of the Faculty of Medicine and the Lazăr Award of the Romanian Academy of Sciences. After specializing in pathology, he was appointed in 1921 assistant lecturer in the gynecological clinic at Colțea Hospital headed by Constantin Daniel (1876–1973). Daniel and Babeș conducted the first studies that demonstrated that cervical cancer could be diagnosed via smears, which led some to refer to Colțea Hospital as the "birthplace of cervical smear".^[1]^[2]

In 1929 Babeș became assistant professor at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, a position he held until 1941. Subsequently, he worked at the Center for Diagnosis and Care of Cancer until 1948, and then as a pathologist and researcher at the Institute of Endocrinology.^[1]

Babeș married fellow gynecologist Lucia Șerbănescu in 1930. They adopted a daughter, who settled in Galați and became an acclaimed opera singer. Babeș was 75 years old when he died in Bucharest in 1961. He is buried at Bellu Cemetery.^[1]

Scientific discoveries

Babeș and Georgios Papanikolaou discovered independently and almost simultaneously the cervical test now known as the Pap test.^[4]^[5]^[6] ^[7] Although Papanikolaou is generally credited for the invention of the cervical cancer screening test by cervical cytology, Michael O'Dowd and Elliot Philipp^[6] believe that Babeș was the true pioneer in the cytologic diagnosis of cervical cancer. He discovered that if a platinum loop was used to collect cells from a cervix, and the cells were then dried on a slide and stained, it could be determined if cancer cells were present. This was the first screening test to diagnose cervical and uterine cancer. Babeș presented his findings to the Romanian Society of Gynaecology in Bucharest on 23 January 1927. His method of cancer diagnosis was published in a French medical journal, La Presse Médicale, on 11 April 1928,^[8] but it is unlikely that Papanikolaou was aware of it. Moreover, the two techniques are different in their design according to Diamantis et al.^[9] Even though Babeș preceded Papanikolaou, the design of the Pap test belongs to Papanikolaou. This breakthrough in cervical cancer diagnosis has saved the lives of over 6 million women.^[10]

It is said that Babeș was very aware of the great international reputation that Papanikolaou had gained in contrast to his own. In a spirit of recognition and fairness, Romania refers to cervical testing as "Méthode Babeș–Papanicolaou" in honor of Babeș.^[11]

Publications

Babeș, Aurel; Bușilă, V. (1915). Cercetări originale despre pelagra în România. București: Librăriile Socec & Comp., C. Sfetea. OCLC 22244848.
Babeș, Aurel A. (1924). "Zur Ätiologie der uterinen Schleimhauthyperplasie". Archiv für Gynäkologie (in German). 122 (1–2): 448–468. doi:10.1007/BF01944312. S2CID 29244512.
Babeș, Aurel (1927). "Uterusschleimhauthyperplasie und Ovarialgeschwülste". Archiv für Gynäkologie (in German). 131 (1): 45–49. doi:10.1007/BF01745019. S2CID 41882734.
Babeș, Aurel (1927). "Cellules pigmentaires rameuses dans un polype de la muqueuse uterine". Annales d'anatomie pathologique (in French). 4: 373–378.
Babeș, Aurel (1929). "On the histopathology of a recurring lipoma of the proliferating glandular type". Bulletin de l'Association Française pour l'Étude du Cancer [fr]. 18: 334.
Babeș, Aurel (1930). "Thymus et cancer du goudron". Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie et de ses filiales (in French). 103: 165–167.
Babeș, Aurel (1930). "Thymus et thyroïde". Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie et de ses filiales (in French). 103: 168–169.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Paksoy, Nadir (2017), van den Tweel, Jan G. (ed.), "Babeș, Aurel A. (1886–1961)" (PDF), Pioneers in Pathology, Encyclopedia of Pathology, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 47–51, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41995-4_4075, ISBN 978-3-319-41994-7, retrieved 2020-07-10
^ ^a ^b Tasca, Luminița; Östör, Andrew G.; Babeș, Vincențiu (2002). "Aurel Babeș". International Journal of Gynecological Pathology. 21 (2): 198–202. doi:10.1097/00004347-200204000-00016. PMID 11917233.
^ Nita, Ramona (22 May 2019). "World's first treatise of bacteriology: Victor Babeș and Victor André Cornil". World Record Academy. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
^ Spriggs, Arthur I. (1977). "History of cytodiagnosis". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 30 (12): 1091–1102. doi:10.1136/jcp.30.12.1091. PMC 476689. PMID 604355.
^ Koprowska, Irena (1985). "Concurrent discoveries of the value of vaginal smears for diagnosis of uterine cancer". Diagnostic Cytopathology. 1 (3): 245–248. doi:10.1002/dc.2840010315. PMID 3915249. S2CID 479692.
^ ^a ^b O'Dowd, Michael J.; Philipp, Elliot Elias (1994). The History of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. London: Parthenon Publishing Group. p. 547. ISBN 978-0849343247.
^ Pambuccian, Stefan E. (2023). "Was the Cytologic Method for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis discovered by Serendipity or by Design (hypothesis-based Research)?". Sudhoffs Archiv. 107 (1): 55–83. doi:10.25162/sar-2023-0004.
^ Babeș, Aurel (1928). "Diagnostic du cancer du col utérin par les frottis". La Presse Médicale. 29: 451–454.
^ Diamantis, A.; Magiorkinis, E.; Androutsos, G. (2009-10-07). "What's in a name? Evidence that Papanicolaou, not Babeș, deserves credit for the PAP test". Diagnostic Cytopathology. 38 (7): 473–476. doi:10.1002/dc.21226. PMID 19813255. S2CID 37757448.
^ "Aurel Babeș – Started the Path towards Pap Smears Which Revolutionized Cervical Cancer Detection". scienceheroes.com. Archived from the original on 26 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
^ Naylor, Bernard; Tasca, Luminița; Bartziota, Evangelia; Schneider, Volker (2002). "In Romania It's the Méthode Babeș-Papanicolaou". Acta Cytologica. 46 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1159/000326708. PMID 11843552. S2CID 5580222.