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Augustus Gough-Calthorpe, 6th Baron Calthorpe^[1] (8 November 1829 – 22 July 1910),^[2] was a British agriculturist and philanthropist.^[3]

Family

He was born at Elvetham Hall, Hampshire.^[4] He was third son in the family of four sons and six daughters of Frederick Gough, 4th Baron Calthorpe (1790–1868), by his wife Lady Charlotte Sophia Somerset, eldest daughter of Henry Somerset, 6th Duke of Beaufort. The family descended from Sir Henry Gough (died 1774), first baronet, of Edgbaston, whose heir Henry, by his second wife, Barbara, heiress of Reynolds Calthorpe of Eivetham, succeeded in 1788 to the Elvetham estates, and taking the surname of Calthorpe, was created Baron Calthorpe on 15 June 1796.^[5]

Education

Augustus was educated at Harrow from 1845 to 1847. He then matriculated at Merton College, Oxford, Oxford on 23 February 1848, where he graduated with a B.A. in 1851 and later obtained an M.A. in 1855.^[5]

Adult life

Gough-Calthorpe devoted himself to sport, agriculture, and the duties of a county magistrate. He lived on family property at Perry Hall, Perry Barr, then in Staffordshire, serving as High Sheriff of Staffordshire in 1881.

In 1870, he had a French Renaissance style house, Woodlands Vale, built near Ryde on the Isle of Wight; it was designed by Samuel Sanders Teulon. The nearby Calthorpe Road is named after the family.^[6]

On the death on 26 June 1893 of his eldest brother, Frederick, who was unmarried (his second brother, George, had died unmarried in 1843),^[7] he succeeded to the peerage as sixth baron.^[5]

He showed generosity in devoting to public purposes much of his property about Birmingham. He made over to the corporation in 1894 the freehold of Calthorpe Park near (now in) that city, which his father had created in 1857, and took much interest in the development of the new Birmingham University.^[5] In 1900, he and his only son, Walter (1873–1906), presented 27½ acres of land, valued at £20,000, for the site of the university buildings, and in 1907 he gave another site, immediately adjacent, of nearly 20 acres, of the estimated value of £15,000, for a private recreation ground for the students.^[5]

On the family estates at Elvetham he started in 1900 what has become a noted herd of shorthorn cattle, and his Southdown sheep and Berkshire pigs were also famous.

Politics

At the general election of 1880 he stood with Major Frederick Gustavus Burnaby as Conservative candidate for the undivided borough of Birmingham, near which a part of the family estates lay, but was defeated, Philip Henry Muntz, John Bright, and Mr. Joseph Chamberlain being returned.^[5]

Death

He died after a short illness at his London residence at Grosvenor Square on 22 July 1910,^[8] and was buried at Elvetham, after cremation at Golders Green.^[5]

Successor

He was succeeded in the title by his next brother, Lieut.-general Sir Somerset Gough-Calthorpe, 7th Baron Calthorpe (born 23 January 1831). He married on 22 July 1869 Maud Augusta Louisa Duncombe, youngest daughter of the Hon. Octavius Duncombe, seventh son of Charles Duncombe, 1st Baron Feversham, by whom he had one son, Walter (who predeceased him), and four daughters.^[5]

Arms

Coat of arms of Augustus Gough-Calthorpe, 6th Baron Calthorpe
	Crest 1st: A Boar's Head couped at the neck Azure (Calthorpe); 2nd: A Boar's Head couped Argent pierced through the cheek with a Broken Spear Gules (Gough) Escutcheon Quarterly: 1 and 4th, Checky Or and Azure a Fess Ermine (Calthorpe); 2 and 3rd, Gules on a Fess Argent between three Boars' Heads couped Or a Lion passant Azure (Gough) Supporters On either side a Wild Man proper his Hair and Beard Sable wreathed about the head and waist with Oak Vert fructed Or the exterior hand holding a Club erect of the last Motto Gradu Diverso Via Una (The same way by different steps)^[9]

References

^ 19th Century Photos
^ Lord Calthorpe. The Times (London, England), Saturday, 23 July 1910; p. 13; Issue 39332.
^ ‘CALTHORPE’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2015; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 15 July 2015
^ David Cannadine, ‘Calthorpe family (per. 1717–1910)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2013 accessed 18 July 2015
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Clarke 1912.
^ "Woodlands Vale". British Listed Buildings.
^ thePeerage.com
^ Hansard
^ "Calthorpe, Baron (GB, 1796 - 1997)".

Bibliography

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Clarke, Ernest (1912). "Gough-Calthorpe, Augustus Cholmondeley". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.