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Auburn Speedster
Auburn Speedster
	1935 Auburn Boattail Speedster 851
Overview
Manufacturer	Auburn Automobile Company
Production	1925–1937
Assembly	Auburn, Indiana; Union City, Indiana
Designer	Gordon Buehrig
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door speedster
Powertrain
Engine	4.8L side-valve Lycoming engine; 6.4L V12 Lycoming
Transmission	Three speed manual with synchromesh on second and third ratios in 'high'
Dimensions
Length	4,930 mm (194 in)
Width	1,800 mm (71 in)
Curb weight	1,700 kg (3,700 lb)

The Auburn Speedster is an American car, manufactured by the Auburn Automobile Company of Auburn, Indiana and manufactured in Union City, Indiana. A total of 887 cars were manufactured between 1928 and 1936, across 3 series (1928-1930 with "eight" and "big eight" engines, 8 cylinder 1931-1933, 12 cylinder 1932-1934, and the dramatic, iconic 1935-36 Supercharged 8). The first two series were designed by stylist Alan Leamy. The Auburn 851 Speedster of 1935 was styled by designer Gordon Buehrig, who also was responsible for the Cord Model 810. Al Jenkins broke 70 American speed records in the 1935 car.^[1]

History

In 1924 Auburn output was down to six cars a day, Errett Lobban Cord—a successful automobile salesman—took over the distressed company, and brought in James Crawford to design and develop a new range of vehicles. Other companies had already produced cars with 'boat tail" styling (Peerless, Packard, Hudson) but Auburn wanted to have an image leader in the segment. The Speedster had a fixed windshield, but no side windows, no interior door release, an optional roof, a cockpit for only two in an aerodynamic body.

First Series, 1928-1930 Auburn Eight (Eight-In-Line / 8-88 / Speedster 115, 120 and 125)

The first Auburn eight model was introduced in 1925, as the "Auburn Eight-In-Line". In the following year, it received an ungraded 4.8-liter side-valve 68 bhp Lycoming engine and was renamed "8-88".

That powertrain remained in use until 1930, when it developed 115 bhp, hence the "Speedster 115" model name. The car was of a straightforward and stout design. Suspension was by semi-elliptic springs all round,^[2] and after experiments with hydraulic brakes, Auburn opted for mechanical brakes. The three-speed gearbox was in unit with the engine. The open two-seater body styled by Count Alexis de Sakhnoffsky featured a boat-tail and a vee windscreen.

The "Auburn Speedster 120" with the so-called "big eight" 268 cubic inch, 120 hp engine were built in 1928 and 1929. On a longer chassis and with a longer hood than the 8-88, 100 were built and today only maybe 8 are known to survive.

In 1930, the Auburn Speedster was upgraded and it was renamed "Speedster 125". The Speedster 125 was advertised as a "racing car with comfort of a closed car" with a 125 bhp version of the Lycoming eight giving it a top speed of over 100 mph. It came with models such as "cabin speedster" and others.

Second series, 1931-1934 the Speedster 160

In 1931, a V12 range, using a 6.4-liter engine designed by George Kublin and built by Lycoming. As the depression was taking hold, the V12 was expensive and only about 25 of the "Auburn Speedster 160" were built. The V12 engine design was successful, and was used as the basis of the LaFrance engine, used for decades especially in fire trucks.^[2]

Third Series, 1935-1936 the Speedster 851

The "Speedster 851", which would be the final production model of the manufacturer, was introduced in 1934 with bodywork by Gordon Buehrig that was ingeniously constructed and cost-effectively built. With sandwiched front and rear fenders, backswept radiator, and external side-threaded exhaust pipes, the 851 Speedster is the iconic Auburn "Hollywood car." Its bespoke flat-head eight was powerful, reliable and of a strong and solid design.

The sweeping body lines concealed some innovative and advanced technical features such as the Columbia dual-ratio rear axle^[2] that was achieved by interposing an epicyclic gear train between the axle and the crown wheel. When it was engaged, the final drive ratio became a "fast" 4.5:1. It was disengaged by moving a steering-wheel mounted lever and dipping the clutch, whereupon the ratio became a more leisurely 3:1. The three-speed synchromesh gearbox along with that dual ratio axle gave a six-speed transmission. In 1936 came the 852, identical to the earlier models with the exception of the "852" on its radiator grille. The final year of production was 1937 as Auburn ceased car production altogether in 1937. Only 143 of the 851SC boat tail speedsters were made.

Evolution

1926: Engine size increased from 4.5 liters to 4.8 liters and the model renamed the 8-88.
1927: The 68 hp engine uprated to 115 hp and the car is renamed the 115.
1929: 120 development of 115 introduced.
1930: 125 introduced.
1931: 160 introduced
1934: The best known Speedster—the 851—was introduced for the 1935 model year. It uses a 4.6-liter straight-eight engine, supercharged or unblown.
1937: Auburn car production ceased.

Design and statistics (Speedster 851)

Engine

Location: Front, longitudinal.
Type: Water-cooled in-line flathead side-valve eight cylinder with aluminum alloy cylinder head.
Cubic capacity: 4585 cc/280 cu in.
Bore x stroke: 77.78 mm × 120.6 mm (3.062 in × 4.748 in)
Valve gear: Two in-line valves per cylinder operated by block mounted camshaft.
Fuel supply: Single Stromberg downdraft carburettor with Schweitzer-Cummins centrifugal supercharger.
Ignition: Coil and distributor, mechanical.
Maximum power: 150 bhp at 4000 rpm^[2]

Transmission

Layout: Clutch and gearbox in unit with engine.
Clutch: Single dry plate
Gearbox: Three speed manual with synchromesh on second and third ratios in 'high'

1st 2.86:1

2nd 1.68:1

3rd 1.0:1

Final drive: Spiral bevel with epicyclic gear dual ratio axle.^[2]
Ratio: 3:1 and 4.5:1

Suspension

Front: Non-independent with semi-elliptic leaf springs and hydraulic dampers.
Rear: Non-independent with live axle, semi-elliptic leaf springs and hydraulic dampers.^[2]

Steering

Type: Worm and peg.^[2]

Brakes

Type: Lockheed drums front and rear; hydraulically operated.^[2]

Wheel and tires

Type: Steel welded spoke wheels with 6.50″ × 15″^[2]

Body/chassis

Type: Steel box section X-braced chassis with steel Speedster body, two doors, two seats.^[2]

Dimensions and weight

Length: 4,930 mm (194 in)
Width: 1,800 mm (71 in)
Weight: 1,700 kg (3,700 lb)

Performance

Maximum speed: 100 mph (160 km/h)

Reception and legacy

The Speedster's iconic "boattail" design would be replicated on cars from later decades, with the two most notable examples being the 1963–1967 Chevrolet Corvette Stingray and the 1971–1973 Buick Riviera.^{[citation needed]}

In media

In early Batman comics, the Batmobile appears to be modeled after an Auburn 851 Speedster.^[3]^{[additional citation(s) needed]}

An Auburn is featured in the 1936 British film Lonely Road. Clive Brook refers to it as an "Auburn Supercharger".

During the Shanghai chase scene in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Indiana Jones' getaway vehicle is an Auburn Boattail Speedster. The car used in the film was a purpose-built replica rather than an original model.^{[citation needed]}

A 1935 Auburn 851 Phaeton Sedan appears during the "New Amsterdam Inn" number in the film Swing Time.^[4]

An Auburn 851 Speedster is driven by Loretta Young in the 1937 film Love Is News.

In the TV series Remington Steele, the title character drives a 1936 Auburn Speedster.

Gallery

1929 Auburn 120 Boattail Speedster rear
1933 Auburn Speedster rear
1935 Auburn Speedster 851 overhead view
1935 Auburn Speedster 851 dashboard
1936 Auburn Speedster 851 rear

References

^ Smith, John Martin (2002). Auburn: The Classic City. Arcadia Publishing. p. 119. ISBN 9780738524016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Cheetham, Craig (2004). Vintage Cars: The Finest Prewar Automobiles. Rochester, United Kingdom: Grange Books. p. 31. ISBN 1840136359.
^ Detective Comics #37, March 1940 - Batman: "The Screaming House"
^ "IMCDb.org: "Swing Time, 1936": cars, bikes, trucks and other vehicles". www.imcdb.org. Retrieved 2024-10-31.

Holmes, Mark (2007). Ultimate Convertibles: Roofless Beauty. London: Kandour. pp. 16–19. ISBN 978-1-905741-62-5.
Inside 100 Great Cars. Chartwell Books, INC. 1992. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-1-85435-481-5.