The Athénée de Luxembourg (French pronunciation:[atenedəlyksɑ̃buʁ], "Luxembourg Atheneum"), is a high school situated in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. Throughout the school's history of more than 400 years, its name was changed repeatedly. It is popularly known in Luxembourgish as the Stater Kolléisch or (De) Kolléisch, and is the nation's oldest school still in existence.
History
Jesuit origins
On 15 May 1585, Pope Sixtus V signed a Papal bull granting the Jesuit Order the right to establish a school in Luxembourg.[1] The school was eventually founded in 1603 by the Jesuit Order,[2][3] and was located next to the Notre Dame Cathedral, in the Ville Haute quarter. It was modelled on the Jesuit school in Trier. The school flourished and in 1684 it was expanded.[4] After the Suppression of the Society of Jesus by Pope Clement XIV in 1773, the school was renamed the Collège royal,[5] and was put under auspices of the clergy. Furthermore, the school's curriculum was reformed and expanded.
Secularization
The Athénée de Luxembourg in 1828
In the course of the French Revolution and the political changes that followed (notably the Napoleonic regime), the school was reorganized along French educational lines and renamed several times: École centrale (1795-1802), École Secondaire (1802-1808), and Collège municipal (1808-1817).
In 1817, the school was renamed "Athénée royal grand-ducal". To commemorate this event, a chronogramATHENAEVM SIT LVCELBVRGI DECOR (=1817) was placed on the backside of a portal at the school's old premises.
In the course of the 19th century, the curriculum was expanded and modernized.[6]
Second World War
When Luxembourg was occupied by Nazi forces in World War II in 1940, the school was forcibly Germanized, renamed the Gymnasium mit Oberschule für Jungen, and the French language was forbidden. These policies were met with considerable resistance. Infamously, when the Germans dismantled the Gëlle Fra memorial, several hundred of the school's students protested. Two professors and 76 students of the Athénéé lost their lives during the war.[7]
Post-World War II: A New Building
After the Second World War, the school's premises became too small, and the school was relocated in 1964 to the Hollerich quarter, in the south-west of the city. Since the Athénée moved to this location, other schools have moved to the site as well, creating the school’s Campus Geesseknäppchen, just north of the terminus of the A4 motorway. The old site of the city Athenaeum was host to the National Library until October 2019, when the library moved to Kirchberg (in Luxembourg City).
21st century
In 2003, the school celebrated its 400th anniversary with a series of events and the publication of a four-volume study of the school's rich history. The school's official motto is 'Tradition & Innovation', a phrase that the reflects the institution's continuous emphasis on scholarly excellence, the respect of humanist traditions and the desire to stay innovative.
Since 2007, Joseph Salentiny has served as the Athénée’s principal. In 2012, temporary buildings were built in the school's court to accommodate the students while the existing premises underwent renovation. The renovations cost 89 million euros, and were completed in late 2016.[8][9]
Academic aspects
The Athénée de Luxembourg is an academic institution that achieves highly competitive public exam results. In 2015, the final exam results and the passing rate was higher than the national average. In 2015, 235 students presented themselves to the exams.[10]
In 2010, the Athénée de Luxembourg gained the status of an IB World School, and henceforth, offers the International Baccalaureate as one of its programmes.[12][13] The school offers preparatory grades and the option to study in the IB Diploma Programme.[14]
The school's charter
The school adopted a charter outlining its educational guidelines and principles. The charter is built on the principle of "a good possession for all time", a quote borrowed from Thucydides.[15] The charter consists of twelve principles:
Humanism and world openness
A critical and scientific mind
A taste for performance and joy of living
Ambition to succeed and respect for others
Competition and solidarity
Personal engagement and tolerance
Communal conscience and self-fulfillment
Responsibility and friendliness
Discipline and flexibility
Physical balance and intellectual enthusiasm
Creativity and endurance
Know how and life skills
Extracurricular
Kolléisch in Concert
Kolléisch in Concert is a series of concerts that have been organised at the school since 1981. Each year, the concerts take place before the Easter Holidays. The music is primarily performed by the students of the F Section (music). There is normally a musical, an orchestra and a dance that takes place in the Kolléisch in Concert. The Kolléisch in Concert is often shortened to the name 'KIC' and normally take place at the Conservatoire of Luxembourg. Students from year 7 to year 13 are welcome to join.
annALes de l'Athénée de Luxembourg
annALes de l'Athénée de Luxembourg is an annual publication chronicling that year's events at the school as well as containing essays relating to the schools or its alumni. The series has been published since 2008 and contains articles written in French, German, English and Luxembourgish.[16]
Éischt Hëllef Team Kolléisch (EHTK)
Éischt Hëllef Team Kolléisch (EHTK) (First Aid Team of the Athénée) is a first aid group run by students of the school. The EHTK was founded in 1998, and in collaboration with the Luxembourgish Red Cross, first aid courses are offered to students. The EHTK works on health and safety aspects within the school community. In 2015, Prince Guillaume handed the Luxembourgish Youth Award (Prix du Mérite Jeunesse) to the EHTK. Other schools in Luxembourg have emulated the EHTK project. The EHTK keeps an infirmary at the Athénée where if students have a minor sickness or injury, they may visit.
Latein auf Stein
The "Latein auf Stein" (lit: Latin on Stone) is a project that aims to register and interpret all Latin inscriptions and chronograms in Luxembourg.[17] Several schools in Germany have similar projects.
The Athénée has a long list of distinguished alumni, including eight Prime Ministers of Luxembourg, one Prime Minister of Belgium and one Prime Minister of France and many famous industrialists and politicians from Luxembourg. Former pupils include:
1686 Architectural plan of the Jesuit precursor of present-day Athénée de Luxembourg
Architectural plan of the Jesuit college Athénée de Luxembourg and the Jesuit church in the Notre-Dame street.
The Athénée de Luxembourg in 1828
1940-1945 Pro Patria Memorial table is dedicated to alumni who lost their lives in World War II.
Literature
400 Joer Kolléisch (Éditions Saint-Paul, 2003) (a comprehensive history in four volumes, written in French).
Vol. I : Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815 (287 pp.)
Vol. II : L'Athénée et ses grands Anciens 1815-1993. (477 pp.)
Vol. III: L'Athénée aujourd'hui et demain. (269 pp.)
Vol. IV : Hommage à l'Athénée. (314 pp.)
Edouard Kayser : Les directeurs de l'Athénée depuis 1817 - Notices biographiques; in : De Kolléisch 2017; vol. I/II; Luxembourg (Publications de l'Athénée & Print Solutions, Luxembourg), 2018.
Diederich, Paul: Athenäum 1932 - 1946, Wohnort und Schule (Association des Anciens de l'Athénée, 2001).
Métamorphoses de l'Athénée, 1603 - 1989 (Luxembourg, 1989).
Association des Anciens de l'Athénée: Kolléisch's Jongen am Krich, Luxembourg, November 2011, 570 p. ISBN978-99959-729-0-5
Haag, Emile: Les jésuites et leur collège: renforcement de l'identité catholique entre 1603 et 1773 (pp 180–193); Luxembourg (Éditions Guy Binsfeld), 2011; 576 pages (ill.); ISBN978-2-87954-235-5
