Asiatic salamander
Family of amphibians
The Asiatic salamanders (family Hynobiidae ) are primitive salamanders found all over Asia, and in European Russia. They are closely related to the giant salamanders (family Cryptobranchidae ), with which they form the suborder Cryptobranchoidea . About half of hynobiids currently described are endemic to Japan, but their range also covers parts of China, Russia, Afghanistan and Iran.[ 1] [ 2]
Hynobiid salamanders practice external fertilization, or spawning . And, unlike other salamander families which reproduce internally, male hynobiids focus on egg sacs rather than females during breeding.[ 3] eggs . Parental care is common.[ 4]
A few species have very reduced lungs, or no lungs at all. Larvae can sometimes have reduced external gills if they live in cold and very oxygen-rich water.[ 5]
Fossils of hynobiids are known from the Miocene to the present in Asia and Eastern Europe, though fossils of Cryptobranchoids more closely related to hynobiids than to giant salamanders extend back to the Middle Jurassic .[ 6]
Phylogeny
Cladograms based on the work of Pyron and Wiens (2011)[ 7] [ 8]
Classification
Currently, 81 species are known. These genera make up the Hynobiidae:
Subfamily Hynobiinae
Genus Afghanodon
Genus Batrachuperus
Genus Hynobius Hynobius abei Sato, 1934 Hynobius abuensis Matsui, Okawa, Nishikawa, and Tominaga, 2019 Hynobius akiensis Matsui, Okawa, and Nishikawa, 2019 Hynobius amakusaensis Nishikawa and Matsui, 2014 Hynobius amjiensis Gu, 1992 Hynobius arisanensis Maki, 1922 Hynobius bakan Matsui, Okawa, and Nishikawa, 2019 Hynobius boulengeri (Thompson, 1912) Hynobius chinensis Günther, 1889 Hynobius dunni Tago, 1931 Hynobius formosanus Maki, 1922 Hynobius fossigenus Okamiya, Sugawara, Nagano, and Poyarkov, 2018 Hynobius fucus Lai and Lue, 2008 Hynobius glacialis Lai and Lue, 2008 Hynobius guabangshanensis Shen, 2004 Hynobius guttatus Tominaga, Matsui, Tanabe, and Nishikawa, 2019 Hynobius hidamontanus Matsui, 1987 Hynobius hirosei Lantz, 1931 Hynobius ikioi Matsui, Nishikawa, and Tominaga, 2017 Hynobius iwami Matsui, Okawa, Nishikawa, and Tominaga, 2019 Hynobius katoi Matsui, Kokuryo, Misawa, and Nishikawa, 2004 Hynobius kimurae Dunn, 1923 Hynobius kuishiensis Tominaga, Matsui, Tanabe, and Nishikawa, 2019 Hynobius leechii Boulenger, 1887 Hynobius lichenatus Boulenger, 1883 Hynobius maoershanensis Zhou, Jiang, and Jiang, 2006 Hynobius mikawaensis Matsui, Misawa, Nishikawa, and Shimada, 2017 Hynobius naevius (Temminck and Schlegel, 1838) Hynobius nebulosus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1838) Hynobius nigrescens Stejneger, 1907 Hynobius okiensis Sato, 1940 Hynobius osumiensis Nishikawa and Matsui, 2014 Hynobius oyamai Tominaga, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2019 Hynobius quelpaertensis Mori, 1928 Hynobius retardatus Dunn, 1923 Hynobius sematonotos Tominaga, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2019 Hynobius setoi Matsui, Tanabe, and Misawa, 2019 Hynobius setouchi Matsui, Okawa, Tanabe, and Misawa, 2019 Hynobius shinichisatoi Nishikawa and Matsui, 2014 Hynobius sonani (Maki, 1922) Hynobius stejnegeri Dunn, 1923 Hynobius takedai Matsui and Miyazaki, 1984 Hynobius tokyoensis Tago, 1931 Hynobius tosashimizuensis Sugawara, Watabe, Yoshikawa, and Nagano, 2018 Hynobius tsuensis Abé, 1922 Hynobius tsurugiensis Tominaga, Matsui, Tanabe, and Nishikawa, 2019 Hynobius turkestanicus Nikolskii, 1910 Hynobius unisacculus Min, Baek, Song, Chang, and Poyarkov, 2016 Hynobius utsunomiyaorum Matsui and Okawa, 2019 Hynobius vandenburghi Dunn, 1923 Hynobius yangi Kim, Min, and Matsui, 2003 Hynobius yiwuensis Cai, 1985
Genus Liua
Genus Pachyhynobius
Genus Paradactylodon
Genus Pseudohynobius Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus (Hu and Fei, 1978) Pseudohynobius guizhouensis Li, Tian, and Gu, 2010 Pseudohynobius jinfo Wei, Xiong, and Zeng, 2009 Pseudohynobius kuankuoshuiensis Xu and Zeng, 2007 Pseudohynobius puxiongensis (Fei and Ye, 2000) Pseudohynobius shuichengensis Tian, Gu, Li, Sun, and Li, 1998
Genus Ranodon
Genus Salamandrella Subfamily Onychodactylinae
Genus Onychodactylus Onychodactylus fischeri (Boulenger, 1886) Onychodactylus fuscus Yoshikawa and Matsui, 2014 Onychodactylus intermedius Nishikawa and Matsui, 2014 Onychodactylus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782) Onychodactylus kinneburi Yoshikawa, Matsui, Tanabe, and Okayama, 2013 Onychodactylus koreanus Min, Poyarkov, and Vieites, 2012 Onychodactylus nipponoborealis Kuro-o, Poyarkov, and Vieites, 2012 Onychodactylus tsukubaensis Yoshikawa and Matsui, 2013 Onychodactylus zhangyapingi Che, Poyarkov, and Yan, 2012 Onychodactylus zhaoermii Che, Poyarkov, and Yan, 2012 Onychodactylus sillanus Min, Borzée, and Poyarkov, 2022 Onychodactylus pyrrhonotus Yoshikawa et Matsui, 2022
References
^ (Hasumi 2002).
^ Pough, F. Harvey (July 15, 2015). Herpetology (4th ed.). Sinauer Associates is an imprint of Oxford University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-1605352336 ^ (Hasumi, 2002).
^ Lanza, B.; Vanni., S. & Nistri, A. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians . San Diego: Academic Press. p. 69. ISBN 0-12-178560-2 ^ Hasumi, M. (2002). About hynobiids. Retrieved May 8, 2005 from [1] .
^ Jia, Jia; Anderson, Jason S.; Gao, Ke-Qin (2021-07-23). "Middle Jurassic stem hynobiids from China shed light on the evolution of basal salamanders" . iScience . 24 (7): 102744. Bibcode :2021iSci...24j2744J . doi :10.1016/j.isci.2021.102744 ISSN 2589-0042 . PMC 8264161 PMID 34278256 . ^ Pyron, R.A.; Weins, J.J. (2011). "A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of advanced frogs, salamanders, and caecilians" (PDF) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 61 (2): 543– 853. doi :10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012 . PMID 21723399 . ^ Haaramo, Mikko (2011). "Caudata – salamanders" . Mikko's Phylogeny Archive .
External links
