Arsames I

Arsames I (Greek: Ἀρσάμης; Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠𐎶) seems to have taken control of Commagene, Sophene and Armenia in the year 260 BC after the death of his grandfather Orontes III, king of Armenia, and his father Sames, king of Commagene.

Name

"Arsames" is the Hellenized form of the Old Persian name Aršāma^[a] ("having a hero’s strength"), which was a common name within the Persian Achaemenid family as well as amongst the Persian elite of the Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC).^[2]^[3] The name is a compound, composed of aršan ("male, hero") and ama ("strength").^[2]^[b] The name is attested in Aramaic as ʾršm.^[2] The feminine form of the name, *Aršāmā (Greek Arsamē), is attested in the daughter of Darius the Great (522–486 BC).^[2]

Reign

The Seleucid Empire was always trying to overthrow the Armenian dynasties who still ruled the lands their forebears had in the time of the Achaemenid Empire.

Ziaelas of Bithynia found refuge at the court of king Arsames, and upon the death of king Nicomedes I of Bithynia Ziaelas returned to take the kingdom in 254 BC.

Arsames also supported Antiochus Hierax against his brother, Seleucus II Callinicus, who was defeated at a battle against king Mithridates II of Pontus near Ankara in 239 BC, after which Seleucus lost control of any lands he had across the Taurus mountains. This was to the benefit of Arsames.

Arsames then founded the cities of Arsamosata in Sophene and Arsameia (known today as Eski Kale) in Commagene in 235 BC.

After his death his eldest son Xerxes became king of Commagene, Sophene and Armenia. Orontes IV would succeed Xerxes whilst another son known as "Mithras" (or Mithrenes II) is recorded as being the High Priest of the temple to the Sun and Moon at Armavir.

Children

Xerxes, King of Armenia and Sophene 228 – 212 BC
Orontes IV, King of Armenia 212 – 200 BC
Mithrenes II, High Priest of the temple to the Sun and Moon at Armavir.

Notes

^ Also spelled Ṛšāma-.^[1]
^ The compound words are spelled šršan- and ama- respectively if the spelling Ṛšāma- is used.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Schmitt, Rüdiger (2005). "PERSONAL NAMES, IRANIAN iii. ACHAEMENID PERIOD". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica (Online ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bresciani, E. (1986). "ARŠĀMA". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. II/5: Armenia and Iran IV–Art in Iran I. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 546. ISBN 978-0-71009-105-5.
^ Canepa, Matthew P. (2018). "Rival Visions and New Royal Identities in Post-Achaemenid Anatolia and the Caucasus". The Iranian Expanse: Transforming Royal Identity through Architecture, Landscape, and the Built Environment, 550 BCE–642 CE. University of California Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0520379206.

Armenian monarchs

Antiquity
336 BC–428

Orontids	Orontes II Orontes III Sames Arsames Arsames II Xerxes Orontes IV
Artaxiads	Artaxias I Artavasdes I Tigranes I Tigranes II Artavasdes II Artaxias II Tigranes III Tigranes IV & Erato Artavades III Tigranes IV & Erato
Non-dynastic	Ariobarzanes Artavasdes IV Tigranes V Vonones Artaxias III Arshak I Mithridates Orodes Mithridates Rhadamistus Tiridates I Tigranes VI
Arsacids	Tiridates I Sanatruk Axidares Parthamasiris Vologases I Sohaemus Aurelius Pacorus Sohaemus Vologases II Khosrov I Tiridates II Hormizd-Ardashir Narseh Khosrov II Tiridates (III) Tiridates III (IV) Khosrov III Tiran Arshak II Pap Varazdat Arshak III Vologases III Khosrov IV Vramshapuh Khosrov V Shapur Artaxias IV

Bagratids
884–1045

Cilicia
1080–1198 (principality)
1198–1375 (kingdom)

Rubenids	Roupen I (prince) Constantine I (prince) Thoros I (prince) Constantine II (prince) Leo I (prince) Thoros II (prince) Roupen II (prince) Mleh (prince) Roupen III (prince) Leo II (I) (prince, later king) Isabella & Philip
Hethumids	Hethum I Leo II Hethum II Thoros Hethum II Smbat IV Constantine I Hethum II Leo III Oshin Leo IV
Lusignan	Constantine II
Neghir	Constantine III Constantine IV
Lusignan	Leo V

v t e Kings of Sophene
Sames I (ca. 260 BC) Arsames I (ca. 240 BC) Xerxes (ca. 220 BC) Zariadres (ca. 190 BC) Mithrobouzanes (second half of the 2nd-century BC) Arkathias (second half of the 2nd-century BC) Artanes (ca. 95 BC)

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