Remains of Arnold of Brescia burned at the stake at the hands of the Papal guards
Arnoldists were a Proto-Protestant Christian movement in the 12th century, named after Arnold of Brescia , an advocate of ecclesiastical reform who criticized the great wealth and possessions of the Roman Catholic Church , while preaching against infant baptism and transubstantiation .[ 3] His disciples were also called "Publicans" or "Poplecans", a name probably deriving from Paulicians (the term "Publicani" would be generally used for any heretic, even a political traitor, through Europe).[ 4]
The Arnoldists were condemned as heretics by Pope Lucius III in Ad abolendam during the Synod of Verona in 1184.
Arnoldists' tenets would later be addressed by Bonacursus of Milan , c. 1190, in his Manifestatio haeresis Catharorum , which refuted Arnoldist apostolic poverty and the incapacity of sinful priests to administer the sacraments.
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400–1100 AD
1100–1400 AD
1400–1500 AD
Events Literature Other Italics indicate their inclusion to be controversial or disputed.