PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Armin Otto Leuschner
Armin Otto Leuschner
	Leuschner around 1920
Born	January 16, 1868
Died	April 22, 1953 (aged 85)
Nationality	American
Alma mater	University of Berlin
	Scientific career
Fields	Astronomy
Institutions	University of California, Berkeley

Armin Otto Leuschner (January 16, 1868 – April 22, 1953) was an American astronomer and educator.^[1]

Early life and education

Leuschner was born on January 16, 1868, in Detroit, Michigan,^[2] but raised in Germany. He returned to the United States for university studies, graduating from the University of Michigan in 1888 with a degree in mathematics. Leuschner then became the first graduate student at Lick Observatory, but due to conflicts with his advisor, Lick director Edward S. Holden, he left Lick before finishing his Ph.D. Leuschner subsequently returned to Germany and attended the University of Berlin, where in 1897 he earned his doctorate with a highly praised thesis on the orbits of comets.

Career

Leuschner returned to California as an associate professor in astronomy at University of California, Berkeley, where he remained for over half a century. He founded an observatory there for student instruction, later renamed in his honor Leuschner Observatory. Together with Lick director James E. Keeler, Leuschner shaped the combined graduate program at Berkeley and Lick into one of the nation's foremost centers of astronomical education. Leuschner's own research continued to focus on the orbits of asteroids and comets; this subject required tremendous amounts of detailed computation, which made the work well-suited to be shared with a long series of students, many of whom went on to successful astronomical careers of their own. More than sixty students received their doctorate under Leuschner's guidance.

In 1913, Leuschner became dean of the entire Graduate School at Berkeley, and later was appointed head of all World War I related training at the university.

He was a founding member of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, served a term as the president of the American Association of University Professors, and chaired the International Astronomical Union's committee on comets and minor planets for two decades.

Leuschner was one of the first astronomers to dispute Pluto as being Planet X as predicted by Lowell.^[3] By 1932 he was already suggesting that Pluto had a mass less than the Earth, and that the discovery of Pluto was an accidental by-product of the Lowell search.^[4]

Honors

Awards

James Craig Watson Medal (1916)
Order of the North Star, Sweden (1924)
Bruce Medal (1936)^[5]
Rittenhouse Medal (1937)
Halley Lecturer, University of Oxford (1938)

Honors

Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences (1913)^[6]
Member of the American Philosophical Society (1924)^[7]

Named after him

Leuschner (crater) on the Moon
Leuschner Observatory
Main-belt asteroid 1361 Leuschneria^[1]
Asteroid 718 Erida is named after his daughter Erida Leuschner.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1361) Leuschneria". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1361) Leuschneria. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 110. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1362. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
^ LEUSCHNER, Armin Otto, in Marquis Who's Who in America, 1901-1902 edition; via archive.org
^ J. K. Davies; J. McFarland; M. E. Bailey; B. G. Marsden; W. I. Ip (2008). "The Early Development of Ideas Concerning the Transneptunian Region" (PDF). In M. Antonietta Baracci; Hermann Boenhardt; Dale Cruikchank; Alissandro Morbidelli (eds.). The Solar System Beyond Neptune. University of Arizona Press. pp. 11–23.
^ Leuschner, Armin Otto (1932). "The Astronomical Romance of Pluto". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 44 (260): 197–214. Bibcode:1932PASP...44..197L. doi:10.1086/124230.
^ Joe Tenn. "1936 Bruce Medalist". Sonoma State University. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
^ "Armin Leuschner". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2023-08-23.
^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-08-23.
^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(718) Erida". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (718) Erida. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 69. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_719. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.