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Arizona
Arizona
	Lobby poster
Directed by	Albert Parker
Screenplay by	Theodore Reed
Based on	Arizona; by Augustus Thomas
Produced by	Douglas Fairbanks
Starring	Douglas Fairbanks
Cinematography	Hugh C. McClung; Glen MacWilliams;
Edited by	William Shea
Production; company	Douglas Fairbanks Pictures Corp.
Distributed by	Artcraft Pictures
Release date	December 8, 1918;
Running time	5 reels (4,213 feet)
Country	United States
Language	Silent (English intertitles)

Arizona is a 1918 American silent melodrama film produced by and starring Douglas Fairbanks and released by Famous Players–Lasky under its Artcraft Pictures banner. Based on the successful 1899 play of the same name by Augustus Thomas, the film was directed by Albert Parker.

Despite mixed reviews and its release near the end of the Spanish flu epidemic, the film prospered at the box office largely on the strength of its star's drawing power.

Arizona is presumed lost.^[2]^[3]

Plot

Denton (Fairbanks) is a lieutenant in the U.S. Cavalry regiment commanded by Colonel Benham (Frederick Burton). Benham is married to the much younger Estrella (Kathleen Kirkham), the daughter of wealthy rancher Canby (Theodore Roberts). Estrella has a sister, Bonita (Marjorie Daw), with whom Denton falls in love.

Denton discovers an affair between Estrella and Captain Hodgeman (Harry Northrup). In his effort to break up the affair, Denton follows Estrella to her room where Benham catches them and misunderstands what he sees. Denton honorably keeps Estrella's secret and in consequence must resign in disgrace.

Canby hires Denton as foreman of his ranch. Denton's relationship with Bonita is endangered by Hodgeman who lies to Canby about him. Hodgeman's grudge against Denton leads to a fight between the two during which Hodgeman is shot and mortally wounded. Denton is suspected, but a cowboy, Tony (Raymond Hatton), declares that he fired the shot to retaliate for Hodgeman's dealings with the girl that he loves. In the end, Estrella reveals the truth about her own indiscretion, enabling Denton and Bonita to marry with her family's blessing as well as a happy ending for Benham and Estrella.

Cast

Douglas Fairbanks as Lieutenant Denton
Theodore Roberts as Canby
Kate Price as Mrs. Canby
Frederick Burton as Colonel Benham
Harry S. Northrup as Captain Hodgeman
Frank Campeau as Kellar
Kathleen Kirkham as Estrella
Marjorie Daw as Bonita
Marguerite De La Motte as Lena
Raymond Hatton as Tony
Robert Boulder as doctor
Albert MacQuarrie as Lieutenant Hatton
Katherine Griffith
Ernest Butterworth

Production

The source material for the film was the enormously successful play of the same name, first staged in 1899 and credited with launching the trend for Western-themed plays.^[4] Some of the cast recruited for the film were also associated with the play: Theodore Roberts originated the role of Canby on the stage;^[4] Frank Campeau was well known for portraying Tony.^[5]

Allan Dwan had directed Fairbanks in several successful pictures since signing with Fairbanks' studio in 1917; he was slated to direct Arizona as well, but in mid-production Dwan departed the picture and the Fairbanks company. Recently signed by Fairbanks to direct, Albert Parker took over direction of Arizona. The extent of Dwan's contribution, and how much remained in the final film, is not known; advertisements for the movie do not mention a director and contemporary reviews only name Parker.^[6]

Besides directorial troubles, other issues likely interfered with the production of Arizona. Fairbanks was active in the war effort and production was interrupted by his participation in a Liberty Loan drive that took him to Washington, D.C., New York City, and several cities across the South. The Spanish flu epidemic caused a four-week suspension of production on 60 percent of California films and may also have disrupted Arizona.^[7]

Exteriors were filmed in Arizona.^[1]

The first film to use a script supervisor, at the time known as a continuity girl. Sarah Y. Mason invented the craft of film continuity while working for director Albert Parker.^[8]

Release

Arizona was released in December 1918 and fared well at the box office overall.^[7] At the time of its release, theaters around the U.S. were just beginning to reopen after forced closures due to the Spanish flu epidemic.^[9]

Many reviews focused on the effect Fairbanks had on the well-known material; some were favorable. The New York Times observed: "'Arizona' in the hands of some other actor might have become just another screen melodrama ... but with Fairbanks in the leading role, it has become an enjoyable comedy in which the athletic stunts of the star play a conspicuous and entertaining ... part."^[10] The Variety review repeated this opinion almost word for word.^[11] The review in The Billboard offered a similar point of view and added that the audience "echoed with spontaneous laughter in response to the energetic portrayal".^[12]

P. S. Harrison of Motion Picture News and Edward Weitzel of Moving Picture World were less complimentary. Harrison opined that when Fairbanks attempted heavy drama, both "the actor's ability to entertain and the dignity of the drama [suffer]".^[13] Weitzel found Fairbanks' characterization of Denton lacking: "The athletic star has, as usual, put his own personality into the picture, and acts Douglas Fairbanks with his customary life-like perfection."^[14] Wid's Daily rated elements of the picture as "fair", "unobjectionable", and "nothing to brag about", and called the star "same old Doug"; only the supporting cast, Roberts in particular, was judged "first-rate".^[15] Even so, the reviews were positive as to the film's drawing power due to its star.

References

^ ^a ^b "Arizona". Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
^ Bennett, Carl, ed. (January 18, 2007). "Arizona". Progressive Silent Film List. Retrieved 2015-10-20 – via Silent Era.
^ Pierce, David. "Arizona". American Silent Feature Film Survival Database. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
^ ^a ^b Hall, Roger A. (2001). Performing the American Frontier, 1870–1906. Cambridge University Press. pp. 185–189. ISBN 978-0-521-79320-9.
^ "Rodeo Champions in New Fairbanks Artcraft Picture". Artcraft Activities. Artcraft Advance. 1 (5): 10. August 27, 1917.
^ Lombardi, Frederic (2013). Allan Dwan and the Rise and Decline of the Hollywood Studios. McFarland. pp. 86–87, 335. ISBN 978-0-7864-3485-5.
^ ^a ^b Goessel, Tracey (2015). The First King of Hollywood: The Life of Douglas Fairbanks. Chicago Review Press. pp. 194–201. ISBN 978-1-61373-407-0.
^ The Official Tumblr of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences. "Sarah Y. Mason Seen Here at the Typewriter
^ Rhodes, Gary D. (2011). The Perils of Moviegoing in America: 1896–1950. Bloomsbury. pp. 94–100. ISBN 978-1-4411-8865-6.
^ "The Screen" (PDF). New York Times. December 16, 1918. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
^ "Arizona". Moving Pictures. Variety. LIII (4): 36. December 20, 1918.
^ "Arizona" (PDF). The Billboard. December 28, 1918. p. 53. Retrieved 2015-10-25 – via Fulton History.
^ Harrison, P. S. (December 28, 1918). "'Arizona'—Artcraft". Motion Picture News. 18 (26): 3957.
^ Weitzel, Edward (December 28, 1918). "Arizona". Moving Picture World. 38 (13): 1552.
^ "Doug Keeps Things Going in New Version of 'Arizona'". Wid's Daily. VI (67): 4. December 14, 1918.