Bhattacharya played football for Surya Sen Sporting Club in Khardah, he then joined SAI senior team in 2006 where he stayed for 2 years before joining Churchill Brothers.[citation needed]
For the 2015 I-League season, he joined Bharat FC.[3] In 2018 Bhattacharya joined Kolkata based club and two time Indian Super League winners ATK.[4] and immediately established himself as the first choice goalkeeper, playing every game that season.[5] In 2020, Arindam Bhattacharya kept 10 clean sheets and was awarded the Golden Gloves.[6] In October 2020, Bhattacharya extended his contract with ATK Mohun Bagan till 2022.[7]
In September 2021, after mutually terminating the contract with ATK Mohun Bagan, Arindam joined East Bengal on a free transfer.[8]