Arbiter (Halo)

Arbiter
Halo character
An alien warrior in a hunched position. Its feet end with two prominent claws, while its mouth is split into four parts lined with teeth. The alien is covered in shiny metal plates that overlap. In his hand he carries a glowing dual-tipped blade.a
Arbiter Thel 'Vadam, as he appears in Halo 5: Guardians (2015)
First gameHalo 2 (2004)
Voiced by
Portrayed byViktor Åkerblom (TV series)

In the Halo universe, an Arbiter is a ceremonial, religious, and political rank bestowed upon Covenant Elites. In the 2004 video game Halo 2, the rank is given to a disgraced commander named Thel 'Vadam as a way to atone for his failures. Although the Arbiter is intended to die serving the Covenant leadership, the High Prophets, he survives his missions and the Prophets' subsequent betrayal of his kind. When he learns that the Prophets' plans would doom all sentient life in the galaxy, the Arbiter allies with the Covenant's enemies (humans) and stops the ringworld Halo from being activated. The Arbiter is a playable character in Halo 2 and its 2007 sequel Halo 3. The character also appears in Halo 5: Guardians and additional expanded universe material. A different Arbiter, Ripa 'Moramee appears in the 2009 real-time strategy game Halo Wars, which takes place 20 years before the events of the main trilogy.

The appearance of the Arbiter in Halo 2 and the change in perspective from the main human protagonist Master Chief to a former enemy was a plot twist Halo developer Bungie kept highly secret. The character's name was changed from "Dervish" after concerns that the name reinforced a perceived United States-versus-Islam allegory in the game's plot. Actor Keith David lends his voice to the character in Halo 2, 3, and 5, while David Sobolov voices the Arbiter of Halo Wars.

The Arbiter has appeared as action figures and other collectibles and marketing, in addition to appearances in the games. Bungie intended the sudden point of view switch to a member of the Covenant as a plot twist that no one would have seen coming, but the character in particular and the humanization of the Covenant in general was not evenly received by critics and fans. Computer and Video Games derided the Arbiter's missions as some of the worst parts of Halo 2. Conversely, IGN lamented the loss of the Arbiter's story in Halo 3 and missed the added dimension the character provided to the story. Retrospective opinions have been more positive, with critics complimenting his distinction from Master Chief and his design.

Character design

Keith David voiced Thel 'Vadam, the Arbiter of Halo 2, Halo 3 and Halo 5: Guardians.

The concept of the Arbiter came from early story discussions for Halo 2. Bungie designer Jaime Griesemer and story director Joseph Staten discussed playing from the perspective of an alien soldier to see the other side of the war between the human United Nations Space Command and alien Covenant. "What if you were the guy whose butt was on the line for protecting the most valuable religious object in the entire world, and you blew it?" said Staten. "That seems like a pretty interesting story, and one we should tell."[1] Halo developer Bungie's former content manager Frank O'Connor said that the inclusion of the Arbiter as a playable character in Halo 2 was supposed to be a "secret on the scale of a Shyamalan plot twist" which Bungie kept the public uninformed until the game's release; O'Connor never included it in the weekly development updates posted at Bungie's website, and insisted story details about the Arbiter's past would remain mysterious.[2] Staten said that the purpose of introducing the Arbiter was "to offer another, compelling point of view on a war where telling friend from foe wasn't always clear-cut. We knew we had a trilogy on our hands, so we were looking past the shock of playing as the enemy [to the events of Halo 3]".[3] While there were those in Bungie who were against the Arbiter as a player character, Staten chalked its inclusion in the game to a combination of wearing down his opponents and the gameplay sandbox opportunities that came from having Covenant allies.[1]

The Arbiter changed very little during development, as the overall appearance of the alien Covenant Elites (Sangheili) had been designed and developed for the previous game, 2001's Halo: Combat Evolved. The only substantial difference between the Arbiter and other Elites was special ceremonial armor, which appeared in early concept sketches as part of the character's final design.[4] During Halo 2's early developmental stages the character's name was "Dervish",[5] a name from the Sufi sect of Islam.[6] Bungie picked the name because of its evocation of an otherworldly holy warrior.[1] Out of context, Microsoft Game Studios' "geocultural review" consultants found nothing wrong with the name. However, as Tom Edwards, a consultant who worked with Microsoft during the review noted, "within the game's context this Islamic-related name of 'Dervish' set up a potentially problematic allegory related to Halo 2's plot—the [United States]-like forces (Master Chief/Sarge) versus Islam (the religious Covenant, which already had a 'Prophet of Truth' which is one title for Muhammad)".[6] In the geopolitical reality after the September 11 attacks, sensitivity to the name remained high, and the character's name was changed.[6] The switch came so late that the game's voice lines had to be re-recorded, and some game manuals were printed with the wrong name.[1]

For Halo 5, the Arbiter's armor was redesigned, explained in-universe as a tribute to previous Arbiters and as a symbol of transition for the Elites.[7] 343 Industries designed the armor to look "medieval" and antiquated, and incorporated brass and leather accents instead of something more futuristic.[8]

The Arbiter in the main video games is voiced by American actor Keith David. David noted that he enjoys voicing complicated characters who have a past. To make an impact with voice acting, he said, is difficult—"it's either good acting or it's bad acting".[9] David is not a frequent video game player, but stated in 2008 that he had become more known for his work as the Arbiter than for his other roles.[10]

Major appearances

Presented in Halo 2, the rank of "Arbiter" is bestowed upon a Covenant Elite by the Covenant leadership—the High Prophets—during a time of crisis; the position is typically given to shamed Elites as an opportunity to regain their honour prior to their deaths via suicide missions of importance to the Covenant. The Arbiter in the main Halo games is named Thel 'Vadamee. Previously a commander in the Covenant military, he is shamed for failing to stop the human soldier Master Chief from destroying the Forerunner ringworld Halo (as depicted during the events of Halo: Combat Evolved); the Covenant revere the Forerunners as gods and believe the rings are the key to the salvation central to their religion. Thel 'Vadamee is spared execution by the High Prophets and becomes the newest Arbiter. His first mission is to silence a renegade Elite who has been preaching that the Prophets have lied to the Covenant.[11] The Arbiter is then sent to the newly discovered Delta Halo to retrieve the key necessary to activate the ring. Though he succeeds in his mission, the Arbiter is betrayed by the Brute Chieftan Tartarus; Tartarus reveals that the Prophets have ordered the replacement of the Elites with Brutes in the Covenant power structure. Though the Arbiter is believed dead, he and Master Chief are rescued by the parasitic Flood intelligence Gravemind. Gravemind reveals that the activation Halos are weapons of destruction, not salvation, and sends the Arbiter to stop Tartarus from activating the ring as the Covenant falls into civil war. In the process, the Arbiter and allied Elites forge an alliance with the humans Miranda Keyes and Avery Johnson. Together they kill Tartarus and stop the activation of Delta Halo, triggering a failsafe; the remaining Halo installations are put on standby from remote activation from a Forerunner installation known as the Ark.[12][13] As a playable character, the Arbiter was identical to the Master Chief, save for the replacement of a flashlight with an active camouflage system.[14]

While Thel 'Vadam remains a playable character in Halo 3 during cooperative gameplay (the second player in a game lobby controls him), the game's story never switches to the point of view of the character as in Halo 2.[15] For much of Halo 3, the Arbiter assists human forces in their fight against hostile Covenant forces alongside Master Chief. They follow Covenant forces through a portal to the Ark, where the Arbiter kills the final surviving High Prophet. During the escape, the ship Arbiter and Master Chief are on is split in two; the Arbiter crashes safely to Earth while Master Chief is presumed lost.[13] Novels and other works detail the Arbiter's efforts in the subsequent civil war that breaks out among the Sangheili.[16]

Thel 'Vadam reappears in Halo 5: Guardians, where his forces, the Swords of Sangheilios, remain locked in combat with a faction of Covenant on Sanghelios. When a group of human soldiers travel to Sanghelios and rescues the Arbiter from attack, the Arbiter assists them in an assault on the final Covenant stronghold of Sunaion. After the human artificial intelligence Cortana begins subjugating the galaxy, the Arbiter and the Master Chief are reunited.[17]

Taking place 20 years before the events of Halo: Combat Evolved,[18] Ensemble Studio's Halo Wars (2009) features a different Arbiter from the character seen in the trilogy.[19] Lead designer David Pottinger described Ensemble's Arbiter as a "mean guy. He's Darth Vader times ten." The characterization stemmed from a desire to make the Covenant more basically "evil" in order to provide a good-guy–bad-guy conflict.[20] Parts of the Arbiter's backstory before the game's events are explained in a tie-in graphic novel, Halo Wars: Genesis.[21] The Elite, Ripa 'Moramee, was given the rank after he fought and lost a campaign against his own clan. The Arbiter acts as the primary enemy of the game, charged with the destruction of humanity by the Prophet of Regret. He is ultimately killed by human forces at the game's climax.

Other appearances

An Arbiter is depicted in Halo Legends, a collection of anime short films developed between 343 Industries and numerous Japanese animation studios; "The Duel" shows how the position of Arbiter was stripped of its prestige and influence.[22][23]

An Arbiter makes a non-canon appearance as a guest playable character in Killer Instinct: Season Three, voiced by Ray Chase. He uses several weapons from the Halo series in combat, and fights in the Arena of Judgment, a stage set in the midst of a battle on Sanghelios. According to franchise development director Frank O'Connor, this character is an "amalgam" of historical characters.[24]

Thel 'Vadam also appears in several Halo novels, including Halo: First Strike and The Cole Protocol, the latter of which his name is first mentioned, which details his career before and during the events of Combat Evolved and Halo 2, prior to being named the Arbiter.[16]

An Arbiter named Var 'Gatanai leads the Covenant's war against humanity in season two of the Halo TV series. In the season finale, he was defeated by the Master Chief in a vicious duel and then killed with his own energy sword by the Spartan.

Cultural impact

Merchandise

Following the release of Halo 2, Joyride Studios released an Arbiter action figure. This particular model was reviewed by Armchair Empire's Aaron Simmer as a "great translation of the source material into plastic".[25] Several models of the Arbiter are featured in the Halo ActionClix collectible game, produced as promotional material prior to the release of Halo 3.[26] McFarlane Toys was given the task of developing a Halo 3 line of action figures, and a sculpt of the Arbiter was released in the second series of figures after the game's release in July 2008.[27] A large-scale, non-articulated Arbiter figure was produced by McFarlane as part of the "Legendary Collection".[28] Other Arbiter merchandise includes MegaConstrux toys and Funko Pops.[29][30]

Critical reception

The initial reception of the Arbiter as a playable character in Halo 2 was mixed from fans and critics alike.[14] O'Connor described the Arbiter as the most controversial character Bungie had ever created.[31] Several publications enjoyed the added dimension to the Covenant by having the Arbiter as a playable character,[3][32] and praised the added stealth gameplay and new story afforded by the character twist.[33] Critics from The Artifice and The Escapist argued it was the Arbiter, not the Master Chief, who had a realized character arc in the game, and whose active participation made the ending of the game richer.[34][14]

Alternatively, publications like GameSpot thought that while the Arbiter and Covenant side added "newfound complexity to the story", it distracted the player from Earth's fate.[35] Reviewer Jarno Kokko said that while he did not personally dislike playing as the character, the idea of "people disliking the concept of playing on the other side in a game that is supposed to be the 'Master Chief blows up some alien scum' show" was a plausible complaint.[36] Among some fans, the character was reviled.[3] A panel of Halo 2 reviewers argued that though the decision to humanize the Covenant by the introduction of the Arbiter was welcome, the execution in-game was lacking;[37] critics highlighted the perceived poor quality of the Arbiter's missions compared to those played as the Master Chief.[14][37][38] Looking back at the game's release ten years later, Den of Geek described players as having a "love–hate relationship" with the character, and that the furor over the twist was only overshadowed because of the controversy of the game's cliffhanger ending.[39]

The reception of the Arbiter's elimination as a main playable character in Halo 3 was similarly mixed. Hilary Goldstein of IGN decided the change took away the "intriguing side-story of the Arbiter and his Elites", in the process reducing the character's role to that of "a dude with a weird mandible and a cool sword".[40] Likewise, Steve West of Cinemablend stated that the one important event in the game for the Arbiter would be lost on anyone for whom Halo 3 was their first game in the series.[41] Goldstein took issue with the poor artificial intelligence of allies in the game and singled out the Arbiter in particular, describing the character as useless.[42][43] The New York Times' Charles Herold found that in comparison to Halo 2, where the character played a central role, the Arbiter in Halo 3 was "extraneous".[44] On the opposite end of the spectrum were reviewers like G4tv, who argued that the Arbiter was more likeable, not to mention more useful, as an AI sidekick instead of the main player.[45] MSNBC rated the Arbiter one of game's top alien characters,[46] and Comic Book Resources described the Arbiter's reception as a transition from divisive character to fan favorite.[47]

Halo Wars's cinematics and voice acting were widely lauded,[48][49][50][51] although one reviewer wrote that the characters were stereotypical and unlikeable.[52] Dakota Grabowski of PlanetXbox360 considered the Arbiter the most confusing character in the game's story.[53] Conversely, GamePro described the Arbiter as one of the best things about the game, saying that while it was a different character than the Arbiter seen in Halo 2 and Halo 3, he was "like an alien Jack Bauer amped up on drugs".[54]

Despite the resistance to the character, Bungie staff defended the character's introduction. "I'd much rather experiment and do something surprising, and not have everybody appreciate it, than just turn the crank and do another alien war movie with a space marine," said Halo 2 design lead Jaime Griesemer. Community lead Brian Jarrard attributed some of the fan backlash to a discord between the game's marketing and the actual gameplay. "I think, even more so than playing as the Arbiter, the thing that people were disappointed with and angry about is that they were promised this experience, through the marketing, of being really backs against the wall, Earth's under siege, we're going to do all we can to save our home planet... In reality, the game only had two missions that actually did that." Referring to Halo 2's cliffhanger ending, Griesemer said, "I think if we'd been able to finish that last couple of missions and get you properly back on Earth, a lot of the reaction would have been placated."[3]

Retrospective reviews on The Arbiter since Halo 2's release have been more positive. In 2021, a Polygon article stated "the Arbiter gives Master Chief a run for his money as "badass video game protagonist", and he does it in only six missions."[55] A piece in The Escapist stated "Thel 'Vadam is the only character in the Halo games with a proper character arc" and "All told then, more than 15 years after his introduction, the Arbiter continues to hold an uneasy but influential place in the Halo franchise. When he was introduced, he expanded the series's scope with grand narrative ambition but some frustrating gameplay choices. When he was mothballed, that ambition seemed to leave with him."[56]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Haske, Steven (May 30, 2017). "The Complete, Untold History of Halo". Vice. Vice Media. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  2. ^ Totilo, Stephen (July 24, 2006). "Despite Death Threats, 'Halo 3' Developer Keeps Secrets Close To The Chest". MTV. ViacomCBS. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2007.
  3. ^ a b c d Fahey, Rob (April 11, 2010). "Better Than Halo: The Making of Halo 2". Eurogamer. pp. 6–7. Archived from the original on April 11, 2010. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
  4. ^ Trautmann, Eric (2004). The Art of Halo. New York: Del Rey Books. p. 74. ISBN 0-345-47586-0.
  5. ^ Staff (January 11, 2007). "The A-Z of Halo 3". Computer and Video Games. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved November 7, 2007.
  6. ^ a b c Kumar, Matthew (April 9, 2008). "Q&A: Englobe's Edwards Talks Gaming's 'Geocultural Risks'". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on April 12, 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2008.
  7. ^ Staff. "Universe: Arbiter Thel 'Vadam". Halo Waypoint. Microsoft. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
  8. ^ The Art of Halo 5: Guardians. Insight Editions. 2015. p. 128. ISBN 9781608876495.
  9. ^ David, Keith (2007). Mass Effect Voice Acting Interview. TeamXbox. Event occurs at 00:42. Archived from the original (Flash) on February 2, 2008. Retrieved November 7, 2007. The difference between [acting in video games as opposed to animation] is slight. Acting is acting—it's either good acting or it's bad acting.
  10. ^ "For Some Actors, Video Games Are a Career Path". PC Magazine. Reuters. January 31, 2008. Archived from the original on February 3, 2008. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
  11. ^ Chihdo, Danny. "Secrets of the Covenant". Xbox.com. Microsoft. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2009.
  12. ^ Lowry, Brendan (May 3, 2019). "Halo timeline: The Great Schism tears the Covenant apart". Windows Central. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  13. ^ a b Lennox, Jesse (October 6, 2021). "The story of Halo so far: What you need to know before playing Halo Infinite". Digital Trends. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
  14. ^ a b c d Pechalin, Andrei (February 22, 2021). "The Arbiter Represented Elevated Storytelling in Halo, Casting a Heavy Shadow on Future Games". The Escapist. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  15. ^ Smith, Luke (July 31, 2007). "The Tru7h About Co-Op in Halo 3". Bungie.net. Archived from the original on August 11, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.
  16. ^ a b Lowry, Brendan (January 6, 2021). "All the Halo lore books and the order to read them in". Windows Central. Future plc. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  17. ^ Lowry, Brendan (October 19, 2019). "Halo timeline: Cortana's return and the rise of the Created". Windows Central. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  18. ^ Weinberg, Jonathan (February 27, 2009). "Halo Wars: The Times review". The Times. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2009.
  19. ^ Geddes, Ryan (October 9, 2008). "TGS 2008: Halo Wars Campaign First Look". IGN. Archived from the original on November 2, 2008. Retrieved October 25, 2008.
  20. ^ "Universe Expanded: Halo Wars (Part 2)". IGN. February 26, 2009. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
  21. ^ Szadkowski, Joseph (March 11, 2009). "Zadzooks: Halo Wars review; Microsoft Game Studios latest a fans' epic". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on June 26, 2009. Retrieved October 9, 2009.
  22. ^ Halo Legends: The Duel (Short film) (Anime). Production I.G. November 21, 2009. Archived from the original on October 30, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
  23. ^ Demott, Rick (December 10, 2009). "Anime Director Yamazaki Talks "The Duel" Episode of Halo Legends". Animation World Network. Archived from the original on January 16, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
  24. ^ McWhertor, Michael (February 21, 2016). "Halo's The Arbiter is coming to Killer Instinct Season 3". Polygon. Archived from the original on February 23, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
  25. ^ Simmer, Aaron (March 3, 2006). "Action Figure Reviews – Arbiter (Halo 2)". The Armchair Empire. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved December 3, 2007.
  26. ^ Greenwald, Will (September 17, 2007). "Inch-high 'Halo'". CNET. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved November 8, 2009.
  27. ^ "Halo 3 Series 2 Arbiter". Spawn. Archived from the original on June 15, 2009. Retrieved November 3, 2009.
  28. ^ Solomon, Rizal (January 10, 2009). "Saturday Halo onslaught". New Straits Times. p. 4.
  29. ^ Watts, Steve (March 17, 2021). "New Halo 20th Anniversary Mega Construx Set Honors Iconic Halo Characters". GameSpot. Archived from the original on March 17, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  30. ^ Fallon, Sean (April 16, 2021). "Rare Funko Pops Return: Halo Arbiter, The Flash Zoom, and More". ComicBook.com. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  31. ^ SCI FI (October 2, 2007). "Sci vs. Fi – Halo 3 Documentary". Major League Gaming. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved October 5, 2007.
  32. ^ Davenport, Misha (November 8, 2004). "Superior sequel has a surprise in store". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 47.
  33. ^ McLain, Alex (2007). "The Big One". Xbox.com. Microsoft Corporation. Archived from the original on July 6, 2007. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
  34. ^ Gray, Sam (December 15, 2013). "Halo: Is Master Chief a Good Protagonist?". The Artifice. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  35. ^ Kasavin, Greg (November 7, 2004). "Halo 2 for Xbox Review". GameSpot. Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
  36. ^ Kokko, Jarno (June 18, 2007). "Review: Halo 2 for Windows Vista". Yougamers. Futuremark. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved November 8, 2007.
  37. ^ a b Staff (2004). "Team Freemont: Halo 2 review". Team Freemont. Archived from the original on December 11, 2004. Retrieved September 5, 2007.
  38. ^ Porter, Will (June 6, 2007). "PC Reviews: Halo 2". Computer and Video Games. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved October 22, 2007.
  39. ^ Gallagher, Jason (November 14, 2014). "Halo 2: The History of a Controversial FPS Classic". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  40. ^ Goldstein, Hillary (September 23, 2007). "Halo 3 Review". IGN. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
  41. ^ West, Steve (September 27, 2007). "Halo 3 Campaign Review". Cinema Blend. Archived from the original on October 19, 2007. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
  42. ^ Goldstein, Hilary (September 23, 2007). "Halo 3 Review (page 2)". IGN. p. 2. Archived from the original on April 8, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
  43. ^ Boesky, Keith (October 24, 2008). "Opinion: Are Critics Gamers? I Think Not". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on December 21, 2008. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
  44. ^ Herold, Charles (September 27, 2007). "Halo 3 Mimics Halo 2, With Some Improved Graphic". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2007.
  45. ^ Robinson, Scott (September 25, 2007). "G4 – Reviews – Halo 3". G4tv. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2007.
  46. ^ Smith, Ken (August 5, 2008). "Top 5 best aliens in video games". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 25, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
  47. ^ Koumarelas, Robert (June 13, 2021). "Why the Arbiter Is Such a Beloved Halo Character". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  48. ^ Cowen, Nick (February 25, 2009). "Halo Wars review". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on October 16, 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2009.
  49. ^ Kolan, Patrick (February 20, 2009). "Halo Wars AU Review (page 1)". IGN. Archived from the original on December 11, 2019. Retrieved October 26, 2009.
  50. ^ Gaskill, Jake (February 20, 2009). "Halo Wars (Xbox 360)". G4tv. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
  51. ^ Price, Tom (February 20, 2009). "Halo Wars Review (Xbox 360) (page 2)". TeamXbox. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved March 14, 2009.
  52. ^ Geddes, Ryan (February 20, 2009). "Halo Wars Review (page 2)". IGN. Archived from the original on February 23, 2009. Retrieved February 20, 2009.
  53. ^ Grabowski, Dakota. "Halo Wars – Review". PlanetXbox360. Archived from the original on March 29, 2009. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
  54. ^ Lewis, Cameron (March 3, 2009). "Why fans of Halo 3 will love Halo Wars". GamePro. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved October 25, 2009.
  55. ^ Gilliam, Ryan (November 11, 2021). "Halo's Arbiter is the perfect counterpoint to Metal Gear Solid's Raiden". Polygon. Archived from the original on March 22, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  56. ^ Pechalin, Andre (February 22, 2021). "The Arbiter Represented Elevated Storytelling in Halo, Casting a Heavy Shadow on Future Games". Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2021.

Read other articles:

Cillian Murphy

Cillian MurphyMurphy tahun 2014Lahir25 Mei 1976 (umur 47)Cork, IrlandiaPekerjaanAktorTahun aktif1996–sekarangSuami/istriYvonne McGuinness ​(m. 2004)​Anak2 Cillian Murphy (/ˈkɪliən/ kill-EE-ən;[1] lahir 25 Mei 1976) adalah aktor asal Irlandia. Dia melakukan debut profesionalnya dalam drama Disco Pigs karya Enda Walsh tahun 1996, peran yang kemudian dia ulangi dalam adaptasi film tahun 2001. Kredit film awalnya yang terkenal termasuk film ho...

 

Fernando Chui

Ini adalah nama Tionghoa; marganya adalah Chui. Fernando ChuiChui Sai-on崔世安 Ketua Eksekutif Makau ke-2Masa jabatan20 Desember 2009 – 20 Desember 2019 PendahuluEdmund Ho Hau WahPenggantiHo Iat-sengSekretaris untuk Urusan Sosial dan Budaya MakauMasa jabatan20 Desember 1999 – 20 Desember 2009 PendahuluAntonio Salavessa da Costasebagai Sekretaris untuk Komunikasi, Pariwisata dan Budaya Makau;Alarcão Tronisebagai Sekretaris untuk Urusan Sosial dan Biaya MakauPenggantiC...

 

Panglima Komando Cadangan Strategis Angkatan Darat

Panglima KostradLambang KostradPetahanaLetnan Jenderal TNI Muhammad Saleh Mustafasejak 7 Desember 2023KantorMarkas Kostrad, Gambir, Jakarta PusatDibentuk6 Maret 1961Pejabat pertamaMayjen TNI SoehartoSitus webwww.kostrad.mil.id Komando Cadangan Strategis Angkatan Darat saat ini dipimpin oleh seorang Panglima Kostrad (Pangkostrad) yang berpangkat Letnan Jenderal, saat ini Pangkostrad dijabat oleh Letnan Jenderal TNI Muhammad Saleh Mustafa. Daftar Pejabat Berikut ini adalah nama komandan ya...

Katedral Uppsala

Katedral Uppsala. Katedral Uppsala (bahasa Swedia: Uppsala domkyrka) adalah katedral yang terletak di kota Uppsala, Swedia. Katedral ini sudah ada sejak abad ke-13 dan memiliki tinggi sebesar 118.7 m. Katedral Uppsala merupakan bangunan gereja terbesar di Skandinavia. Katedral ini awalnya dibangun sebagai Gereja Katolik Roma dan digunakan untuk pengangkatan raja Swedia. Namun, sejak reformasi Protestan, katedral ini dikuasai oleh Gereja Lutheran Swedia. Kini Katedral Uppsala merupakan ked...

 

Pemilihan umum Bupati Bangkalan 2024

Pemilihan umum Bupati Bangkalan 20242018202927 November 2024Kandidat Peta persebaran suara Kabupaten Bangkalan Bupati & Wakil Bupati petahanaAbdul Latif Amin Imron & Mohni Gerindra Bupati & Wakil Bupati terpilih belum diketahui Pemilihan umum Bupati Bangkalan 2024 dilaksanakan pada 27 November 2024 untuk memilih Bupati Bangkalan periode 2024-2029.[1] Pemilihan Bupati (Pilbup) Bangkalan tahun tersebut akan diselenggarakan setelah Pemilihan umum Presiden Indonesia 2024 (Pil...

 

Mawardi Yahya

Ir. H.Mawardi Yahya Wakil Gubernur Sumatera Selatan ke-4Masa jabatan1 Oktober 2018 – 1 Oktober 2023PresidenJoko WidodoGubernurHerman Deru PendahuluIshak MekkiPenggantiPetahanaBupati Ogan Ilir ke-1Masa jabatan22 Agustus 2005 – 23 Juni 2015WakilIskandar (2005–2010)Daud Hasyim (2010–2015) PendahuluIndra Rusdi (pelaksana tugas)PenggantiDaud Hasyim (pelaksana harian)Ahmad Wazir Noviadi Informasi pribadiLahir2 Maret 1958 (umur 66)Sukaraja Baru, Indralaya Selat...

Independence, Missouri

Letak Independence di Missouri Independence merupakan sebuah kota di Amerika Serikat. Kota ini letaknya di bagian tengah. Tepatnya di negara bagian Missouri. Pada tahun 2010, kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesar 116.830 jiwa dan memiliki luas wilayah 203,2 km². Kota ini memiliki angka kepadatan penduduk sebesar 596,5 jiwa/km². Pranala luar Situs web resmi Artikel bertopik geografi atau tempat Amerika Serikat ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengemba...

 

Michael Elgin

Michael ElginElgin pada Mei 2016Nama lahirAaron Frobel[1]Lahir13 Desember 1986 (umur 37)[2]Oshawa, Ontario, Kanada[1]Anak1Karier gulat profesionalNama ringMichael Elgin Mike[3]Tinggi5 ft 11 in (1,80 m)[1][2]Berat267 pon (121 kg)[2][4]Asal dariToronto, Ontario[4][5]Oshawa, Ontario[6]Dilatih olehJoe E. Legend[5]Rob Fuego[1]Tyson Dux[5]Debut2004[2]...

 

Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War

Military operations in the Southern states during the American Revolutionary War Southern theaterPart of the American Revolutionary War The Battle of Cowpens by William RanneyDate1775–1782LocationVirginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, East Florida and West FloridaResult Franco-Spanish-American victory Surrender of a British army at YorktownBelligerents United Colonies(1775–1776) Georgia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Virginia United States(1776–1782) France(1778�...

Woodstock Transit

Woodstock TransitFounded1962LocaleWoodstock, OntarioService typebus service, paratransitRoutes7HubsTransit Terminal, 623 Dundas StreetFleet13Annual ridership453,100 (2019)[1]WebsiteTransit Information Woodstock Transit is operated by the City of Woodstock, Ontario, Canada, providing both regular transit bus routes and specialized paratransit services for the community. Public transit service in Woodstock dates back to 1900 when the Woodstock, Thames Valley and Ingersoll Electric Railw...

 

Maintenance

Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Certaines informations figurant dans cet article ou cette section devraient être mieux reliées aux sources mentionnées dans les sections « Bibliographie », « Sources » ou « Liens externes » (décembre 2017). Vous pouvez améliorer la vérifiabilité en associant ces informations à des références à l'aide d'appels de notes. Travaux de réparation sur une ligne de chemin d...

 

Taça de Portugal 1966-1967

Coppa di Portogallo 1966-1967Taça de Portugal 1966-1967 Competizione Taça de Portugal Sport Calcio Edizione 27ª Luogo  Portogallo Partecipanti 46 Risultati Vincitore  Vitória Setúbal(2º titolo) Secondo  Académica Semi-finalisti  Porto Braga Statistiche Miglior marcatore Artur Jorge Ernesto (12) Incontri disputati 90 Gol segnati 333 (3,7 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 1965-1966 1967-1968 Manuale La Taça de Portugal 1966-1967 fu la 27ª e...

Kurdish Americans

People born in or residing in the US of Kurdish origin Kurdish AmericansTotal population40,000-100,000[1]Regions with significant populationsUrban areas of southern California such as Los Angeles and San Diego, Nashville, Tennessee, and in the upper Midwest, including in Nebraska, Minnesota, and North Dakota[2]LanguagesKurdish, American EnglishReligionMostly Islam with minorities of Atheism, Zoroastrianism & Agnosticism   Part of a series on: Kurdish history and Kurdi...

 

Mi bandung

Mee Bandung MuarMie bandung asli dari Muar, Malaysia.Nama lainMee bandungJenisMieTempat asalMalaysiaDaerahMuar, JohorDibuat olehMelayuSunting kotak info • L • BBantuan penggunaan templat ini Mee Bandung Muar, atau lebih sederhana Mee bandung, adalah masakan tradisional berasal dari Muar, Johor, Malaysia.[1][2][3] Kata 'bandung' dalam namanya adalah karena definisi literal yang berarti campuran atau pasangan dalam bahasa Melayu[4] seperti dalam beb...

 

بحيرة ڤارنا

بحيرة ڤارناالموقع الجغرافي / الإداريالإحداثيات 43°11′25″N 27°49′30″E / 43.1903°N 27.825°E / 43.1903; 27.825 التقسيم الإداري مقاطعة فارنا دول الحوض بلغاريا هيئة المياهالنوع بحيرة مصب الأنهار Provadiya River (en) القياساتالمساحة 19 كيلومتر مربع الطول 15 كيلومتر عمق 19 م حجم المياه 166 هيكتومت�...

Daily Record (Scotland)

Scottish tabloid newspaper Daily RecordFront page, 4 December 2007TypeDaily newspaperFormatTabloidOwner(s)Reach plcEditorDavid Dick[1]Founded1895; 129 years ago (1895)Political alignmentScottish LabourHeadquartersGlasgow, ScotlandCirculation52,798 (as of January 2024)[2]ISSN0956-8069OCLC number500344244 Websitedailyrecord.co.uk The Daily Record is a Scottish national tabloid newspaper based in Glasgow. The newspaper is published Monday–Saturday and its ...

 

DNA komplemen

Visualisasi hasil sintesis cDNA untai pertama DNA komplemen atau DNA pelengkap, atau jauh lebih dikenal dengan singkatannya cDNA (dari complementary DNA), merupakan DNA untai tunggal sintetik/buatan yang disalin dari untai mRNA menggunakan teknik PCR dengan memanfaatkan enzim transkriptase balik.[1] Penggunaan cDNA ini sangat luas, terutama dalam analisis ekspresi genetik dan transkriptomika.[1] mRNA berkas tunggal atau transkriptom bersifat tidak stabil karena mudah dicerna d...

 

Lega Nord

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando l'organizzazione calcistica italiana, vedi Lega Nord (calcio). Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando il partito politico fondato da Matteo Salvini, vedi Lega per Salvini Premier. Lega Nord PresidenteUmberto Bossi[1][2] SegretarioIgor Iezzi (commissario)[3] Stato Italia Sedevia Carlo Bellerio, 4120161 Milano AbbreviazioneLN Fondazione4 dicembre 1989 (coalizione)8 gennaio 1991 (partito) IdeologiaPopulism...

Administración Federal de Transporte

Federal Transit Administration Información generalTipo agencia federal de Estados UnidosSede Washington D. C.OrganizaciónDirección James S. Simpson (Administrador)Depende de Departamento de TransporteHistoriaFundación 9 de julio de 1964www.fta.dot.gov[editar datos en Wikidata] La Administración Federal de Transporte[1]​ (Federal Transit Administration, FTA, anteriormente UMTA - Urban Mass Transit Administration o Administración de Tránsito Masivo Urbano) ...

 

Principia Discordia

1963 Discordian religious text Principia Discordia The Loompanics Yellow Cover combined 4th and 5th Edition Principia Discordia, (1979). In print until the company went out of business in 2006.AuthorGreg Hill and Kerry Wendell Thornley The Principia Discordia is the first published Discordian religious text. It was written by Greg Hill (Malaclypse the Younger) with Kerry Wendell Thornley (Lord Omar Khayyam Ravenhurst) and others.[1][2] The first edition was printed using Jim G...