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Aranuka
	Map of Aranuka
	Aranuka Aranuka Aranuka Aranuka
Geography
Location	Pacific Ocean
Coordinates	0°09′N 173°35′E / 0.150°N 173.583°E
Archipelago	Gilbert Islands
Area	13.228 km2 (5.107 sq mi)
Highest elevation	3 m (10 ft)
Administration
	Kiribati
Capital city	Buariki
Demographics
Population	1,125 (2015 Census)
Pop. density	79.9/km2 (206.9/sq mi)
Ethnic groups	I-Kiribati 99.6%

Aranuka is an atoll of Kiribati, located just north of the equator, in the Gilbert Islands. It has an area of 11.6 square kilometres (4.5 square miles) and a population of 1,057 in 2010. By local tradition, Aranuka is the central island of the Gilbert group.

Geography

Aranuka is an atoll with a triangular shape, predominantly formed by two large islands, Buariki and Takaeang, which is the other inhabited islet that lies 7.68 miles (12.36 kilometres) west of mainland Aranuka. Both islets are unusually large for an atoll of this size. These islands are connected by long sandbanks on the northern side and an underwater reef crest on the southern side which also has a wide pass to the lagoon in the centre.^[1]

There is only one road that runs alongside the lagoon-side of the island where villages are located and a network of access and feeder roads running from the main road to other parts of the island. These pathways generally are wide enough to accommodate pushbikes and motorbikes but not big trucks. All villages are located on the lagoon side on both sides of the main road, easily accessed by walking, with bicycles, motorbikes and trucks.^[2]

Aranuka has a lagoon, but this is not so rich in shellfish. There is a passage into the lagoon, available for the boats in moderate weather, through the middle of the reef on the southwestern side of the atoll. There are several dangerous points in the passage where tidal streams can be very strong. Aranuka is known for its old stand of Rhizophora stylosa mangroves that have grown as tall as coconut trees and are now a breeding site for birds. These mangroves can be found towards the northern end of mainland Aranuka.^[2]

Villages

The island of Aranuka had only three villages since its first establishment. In 1978, Baurua village was established with only a few inhabitants, less than 10 houses, making a total of 4 recognized villages now for Aranuka.^[3] The current populations of the villages are:

Census Area	Population 2010^[4]	Land area by islet^[4]	Density (people per hectare)
Aranuka: Population and Land Area
Uninhabited islets	0	54.8 hectares (135 acres)	0
Takaeang	252	487.4 hectares (1,204 acres)	0.5
Buariki	500	618.9 hectares (1,529 acres)	1.3
Kauake	92
Baurua	213
Aranuka total	1057	1,161.1 hectares (2,869 acres)	0.9

History

Aranuka is by tradition the island in the middle of Kiribati and the location for the formation and separation of all the islands of Kiribati which was first started by the God of our Ancestors, Nareau. That is why Aranuka was formerly named and known as Ananuka – the middle of it.^[3]

Thomas Gilbert and John Marshall, sailing in the First Fleet vessels Charlotte and Scarborough, were the first Europeans^[5] to describe visiting Aranuka, in June 1788.^[6]

The island was surveyed in 1841 by the US Exploring Expedition.^[7]

At some point between 1860 and the late 1880s, the islands of Aranuka and Kuria were conquered by Tenkoruti (King Karotu), the paramount chief of Abemama, when a former ruler (Ten Temea) of Kuria and Aranuka gave up these two islands to King Karotu from Abemama and left for Maiana, another of the Gilbert group. They were then ruled by Tenkoruti's nephew, Tem Binoka.^[3]

Aranuka Post Office opened around 1924.^[8]

Tourism

Aranuka has white sandy beaches and blue waters, and is the only island in Kiribati to have tall mangrove trees with heights of more than 15 m (49 ft).^{[citation needed]} The uninhabited islets of the island also provide swimming and snorkeling spots for visitors.

Aranuka Airport is situated near the northern tip of Buariki, and is served by two flights a week from South Tarawa, which also link to Kuria. Charter boat services are also available.

Accommodation is provided by the Island Council guesthouse.^[3]

References

^ "Arunuka". Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2009-03-14., Oceandots.com 2007 (accessed 19 January 2007)
^ ^a ^b "10. Aranuka" (PDF). Office of Te Beretitent - Republic of Kiribati Island Report Series. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Aranuka factsheet". Kiribati Tourism, Government of Kiribati. Archived from the original on 2013-06-21. Retrieved 2013-04-27.
^ ^a ^b "Kiribati Census Report 2010 Volume 1" (PDF). National Statistics Office, Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, Government of Kiribati. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-30.
^ “As, however, it seemed probable, even to a layman, that neither of the captains could have seen Abemama, their narratives and Marshall's log were referred to Captain Brett Hilder, a leading navigational authority on the area, who has established that Hopper's Island was actually the main (or eastern) islet of ARANUKA, Henderville's the smaller western islet on the same reef and Woodle's the island of KURIA.” Henry Evans Maude.
^ Samuel Eliot Morison (1944-05-22). "The Gilberts & Marshalls: A distinguished historian recalls the past of two recently captured pacific groups". Life magazine. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
^ Stanton, William (1975). The Great United States Exploring Expedition. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 245. ISBN 0520025571.
^ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Retrieved 5 July 2013.