Antonia White (born Eirene Adeline Botting; 31 March 1899 – 10 April 1980) was a British writer and translator, known primarily for Frost in May, a semi-autobiographical novel set in a convent school. It was the first book reissued by Virago Press in 1978, as part of their Modern Classics series of books by previously neglected women authors.
White was born in London to parents Cecil and Christine Botting. She later took her mother's maiden name, White. Her father taught Greek and Latin at St. Paul's School. She was baptized in the Protestant Church of England but converted to Roman Catholicism at the age of 9 when her father converted. She struggled with religion and did not feel that she fitted in with the other girls at her school, many of whom were from upper-class Catholic families. She attended the Convent of the Sacred Heart, Roehampton (later Woldingham School, Surrey).[1][2]
Although she is remembered as a modernist writer, she developed a terrible fear of writing after a misunderstanding when she was 15. She had been working on what was going to be her first novel, which was to be a present for her father. She wanted to surprise him with a book about wicked people whose lives are changed as they discover religion. She attempted to give a detailed description of the evil characters, but, because of her lack of experience, she was unable to describe their wickedness except to say that they "Indulged in nameless vices". The story was found unfinished by officials at her Catholic school and she was then expelled from the school without being given the opportunity to explain her book. She describes this incident as being her most vivid and tragic memory. "My superb gift to my father was absolutely my undoing" she remarked in an interview. She did not begin writing novels again until 20 years later, when her father died.
After she was expelled from the convent at Roehampton, she attended St Paul's Girls' School (the sister school to St Paul's School where her father taught), but did not fit in there either. When she left school she attempted to become an actress, but was unsuccessful. She wrote for magazines and then in advertising, where she earned £250 a year promoting Mercolized wax. She spent nine years working as a copywriter in London and also worked for the BBC as a translator. Antonia White's translations of Colette's Claudine novels were recognised for their elegance and erudition and remain the standard texts today.
In 1921, she was married to the first of her three husbands. The marriage was annulled only two years later, and reportedly was never consummated. She immediately fell in love again with a man named Robert, who was an officer in the Scots Guards. They never married, and their relationship was brief but intense, which led to her experiencing a severe mental breakdown. She was committed to Bethlem, a public asylum, where she spent the next year of her life.
She described her breakdown as a period of "mania". After she left the hospital, she spent four years participating in Freudian studies. She struggled the rest of her life with mental illness which she referred to as "The Beast".
Her second marriage was to a man named Eric Earnshaw Smith, but this marriage ended in divorce. By the age of 30, she had been married three times. During her second marriage, she had fallen in love with two men. One was Rudolph 'Silas' Glossop, described as "a tall handsome young man with a slightly melancholy charm". The other was Tom Hopkinson, then a copywriter. She had trouble deciding whom she should marry following her divorce, and she married Hopkinson in 1930. She had two daughters, Lyndall Hopkinson and Susan Chitty, who have both written autobiographical books about their difficult relationship with their mother.[3][4]
By 1931, White was married to Tom Hopkinson and was friends with novelist Djuna Barnes, and she was with Barnes when the latter wrote her now famous novel depicting a lesbian affair gone bad, Nightwood. This novel was based on Barnes's relationship with Thelma Wood. In 1933, White completed her first novel, Frost in May, which fictionalised her experiences at Catholic boarding school and her expulsion. She also began writing a second novel, but a failed marriage and mental illness hindered its completion.
Fifteen years later, she completed her second novel The Lost Traveller, which was published in 1950. In the subsequent five years, after undergoing treatment for mental illness and reconverting to Catholicism, she completed the Clara Batchelor trilogy, which includes The Lost Traveller, about her relationship with her mother and father, The Sugar House, about her first unconsummated marriage, and Beyond the Glass, about an intense love-affair followed by a breakdown, which is vividly described. As with her previous work, the trilogy was fictional, but mainly autobiographical. The four novels together narrate her life from ages 9 to 23. In 1966, she published a collection of letters entitled The Hound and the Falcon: The Story of a Reconversion to the Catholic Faith. She wrote Three in a Room, a three-act comedy, as well as many short stories, poems and juvenile fiction.
Her career as a writer seems to have been driven by the desire to cope with a sense of failure, resulting initially from her first attempt at writing, and with mental illness. She is quoted as saying,
The old terrors always return and often, with them, a feeling of such paralyzing lack of self-confidence that I have to take earlier books of mine off their shelf just to prove to myself that I actually wrote them and they were actually printed, bound, and read. I find that numbers of writers experience these same miseries over their work and do not, as is so often supposed, enjoy the process. "Creative joy" is something I haven't felt since I was fourteen and don't expect to feel again.[citation needed]
With regard to the content of her writing, White remarked, "My novels and short stories are mainly about ordinary people who become involved in rather extraordinary situations. I do not mean in sensational adventures but in rather odd and difficult personal relationships largely due to their family background and their incomplete understanding of their own natures. I use both Catholic and non-Catholic characters and am particularly interested in the conflicts that arise between them and in the influences they have on each other." Two of the main themes in White's novels are her relationship with her father and her Catholic faith. [citation needed]
In the introduction to Frost in May, Elizabeth Bowen describes the novel as a school story. She comments that the novel is written for adult readers, but that the language is comprehensible to an intelligent child of twelve. She writes, "We have Nanda’s arrival at Lippington, first impressions, subsequent adaptations, apparent success and, finally, head-on crash." This plot deviates from what Bowen refers to as the normal school story only in that it does not have a happy ending. Frost in May was written during the rise of anti-school school stories after World War I. Regarding White's writing style, Bowen wrote: "Antonia White’s style as a story-teller is as precise, clear and unweighty as Jane Austen's. Without a lapse from this style Antonia White traverses passages of which the only analogy is to be found in James Joyce's Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man." This comparison, which can be considered high praise, also suggests that White's writing is both reminiscent of 19th century realism and indicative of modernist tendencies.
Frost in May was reissued in 1978 by Virago Press as the first book in its Modern Classics series of new editions of out-of-print books by neglected women authors.
In light of the quartet’s recurring focus on theatre, theatrical performance and acting, Frances Babbage has discussed Frost in May through the lens of theatre-fiction: "close attention to the novels reveals [theatre] as a trope figuring powerfully in the narrative, not limited to specific episodes but implicitly shaping the protagonist’s entire journey."[5]
Former military barracks, Dublin, Ireland Griffith BarracksDún Uí GhríofaDublin Griffith Barracks which is now a CollegeGriffith BarracksLocation within Central DublinCoordinates53°19′52″N 6°16′43″W / 53.33111°N 6.27861°W / 53.33111; -6.27861TypeBarracksSite informationOperator Irish Army British ArmySite historyBuilt1892Built forWar OfficeIn use1892-1992 Griffith Barracks (Irish: Dún Uí Ghríofa) is a former military barracks on the South Circu…
Political party in Liberia Alternative National Congress AbbreviationANCLeaderAlexander B. Cummings Jr.ColorsRed and WhiteSloganLiberians deserve betterSenate seats1 / 30House seats0 / 73Websiteancglobalgroup.comPolitics of LiberiaPolitical partiesElections The Alternative National Congress (ANC) is a political party in Liberia. History The ANC was established on 17 August 2013 after registering with the National Electoral Commission.[1] It was founded by former members of the Congre…
Miss International 2008Tanggal8 November 2008[1]TempatVenetian Arena, The Venetian Macao, Makau[1]Pembawa acaraDodo Cheng, Eric Tsang, Astrid ChanPengisi acaraHacken Lee, Priscilla Chan, Miriam YeungPenyiaranTDM, TVB, TV TokyoPeserta63[1]Finalis/Semifinalis12[1]Tidak tampilArmenia, Chili, Kosta Rika, Mesir, Honduras, NigeriaTampil kembaliBahama, Belgia, Hawaii, Italia, Makau, Norwegia, Swedia, ZambiaPemenangAlejandra Andreu[1][2]…
Australian rules footballer and cricketer This article is about the Australian rules football player. For other people, see Charles Baker (disambiguation). Australian rules footballer Charlie Baker Personal informationFull name Charles Michael BakerDate of birth (1880-06-18)18 June 1880Place of birth Ballarat East, VictoriaDate of death 4 May 1962(1962-05-04) (aged 81)Place of death Ballarat, VictoriaOriginal team(s) St Pats, BallaratHeight 175 cm (5 ft 9 in)Playing care…
Опис файлу Опис Логотип Футбольної ліги Греції, колишньої Бета Етнікі Джерело http://www.epae.org/default.fds?langid=1 Час створення 2010 Автор зображення Футбольна ліга (Греція) Ліцензія див. нижче Ліцензування Це логотип (емблема) організації, товару, або заходу, що перебуває під захистом ав…
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (فبراير 2019) هنتلي أرمسترونغ معلومات شخصية الميلاد 17 نوفمبر 1969 (54 سنة) هوبارت الجنسية أستراليا الحياة العملية الفرق فريق جنوب أستراليا للكريكت [لغات أخرى]&…
Jean Arthur sekitar tahun 1930-an Jean Arthur (17 Oktober 1900 – 19 Juni 1991) merupakan seorang aktris berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat yang memenangkan nominasi Oscar. Dia menjadi terkenal saat bermain film pada era 1930-an Dia berkarier di dunia film sejak tahun 1923. Filmografi Utama Cameo Kirby (1923) The Temple of Venus (1923) Wine of Youth (1924) Biff Bang Buddy (1924) Fast and Fearless (1924) Bringin' Home the Bacon (1924) Thundering Romance (1924) Travelin' Fast (1924) Seve…
Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang bahasa yang menjadi akar dari bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Melayu Malaysia. Untuk bentuk baku di Malaysia, lihat Bahasa Melayu Malaysia. Bahasa Melayu Bahasa Melayuبهاس ملايو • ꤷꥁꤼ ꤸꥍꤾꤿꥈ Bahasa MelindoBahasa Melayu-Indonesia[1][ib 1] Pengucapan[ba.ha.sa mə.la.ju]Dituturkan diBrunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand Selatan, Pulau Natal, dan Kepulauan CocosWilayahAsia Tenggara MaritimEtnisMelay…
American sculptor and painter (born 1945) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability canno…
المغرب فيالألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2020الرمزMARاللجنةاللجنة الأولمبية الوطنية المغربيةفي طوكيو، اليابانالميداليات ذهبية 1 فضية 0 برونزية 0 المجموع 1 الظهور في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية (نظرة عامة)1960196419681972197619801984198819921996200020042008201220162020 المغرب من المتوقع أن يشارك في الألعاب الأول
Biografi ini tidak memiliki sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak dapat dipastikan. Bantu memperbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan sumber tepercaya. Materi kontroversial atau trivial yang sumbernya tidak memadai atau tidak bisa dipercaya harus segera dihapus.Cari sumber: Siti Hartati Murdaya – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Siti Hartati MurdayaInformasi pribadiLahir2…
René GagnonPrivat René Gagnon, USMC pada 1943Lahir(1925-03-07)7 Maret 1925Manchester, New Hampshire, Amerika SerikatMeninggal12 Oktober 1979(1979-10-12) (umur 54)Manchester, New Hampshire, Amerika SerikatDikebumikanAwalnya di Mount Cavalry CemeteryKini di Arlington National CemeteryPengabdianAmerika SerikatDinas/cabangKorps Marinir Amerika SerikatLama dinas1943–1946PangkatKorporalPerang/pertempuranPerang Dunia II Pertempuran Iwo Jima PenghargaanWorld War II Victory Medal René Arth…
Resolusi 639Dewan Keamanan PBBWilayah operasi UNIFILTanggal31 Juli 1989Sidang no.2.873KodeS/RES/639 (Dokumen)TopikIsrael–LebanonRingkasan hasil15 mendukungTidak ada menentangTidak ada abstainHasilDiadopsiKomposisi Dewan KeamananAnggota tetap Tiongkok Prancis Britania Raya Amerika Serikat Uni SovietAnggota tidak tetap Aljazair Brasil Kanada Kolombia Ethiopia Finlandia Malaysia Nepal Senegal Yugoslav…
Antilles néerlandaises aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1996 Code CIO AHO Comité Nederlands Antilliaans Olympisch Comité Lieu Atlanta Participation 9e Athlètes 6 dans 5 sports Porte-drapeau Sergio Murray MédaillesRang : n.c. Or0 Arg.0 Bron.0 Total0 Historique Modèle:Antilles néerlandaises JO modifier Les Antilles néerlandaises participent aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1996 à Atlanta. Sa délégation est composée de 6 athlètes répartis dans 5 sports et de son porte-drapeau S…
Nama ini menggunakan cara penamaan Spanyol: nama keluarga pertama atau paternalnya adalah Piris dan nama keluarga kedua atau maternalnya adalah Leguizamón. Iván Piris Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Iván Rodrigo Piris LeguizamónTanggal lahir 10 Maret 1989 (umur 34)Tempat lahir Itauguá, ParaguayTinggi 172 cm (5 ft 8 in)Posisi bermain Bek sisiInformasi klubKlub saat ini Club LibertadNomor 3Karier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2008–2011 Cerro Porteño 52 (0)2011–2014 …
Chemical compound ChloroethynylnorgestrelClinical dataOther namesChloroethynyl norgestrel; WY-4355; 17α-Chloroethynyl-13β-ethylgon-4-en-17β-ol-3-one; 17α-Chloroethynyl-18-methylestr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one; 17α-Chloroethynyl-18-methyl-19-nortestosteroneIdentifiers IUPAC name (1S,2R,10R,11S,14S,15S)-14-(2-chloroethynyl)-15-ethyl-14-hydroxytetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,15]heptadec-6-en-5-one CAS Number2415-28-3PubChem CID22790422ChemSpider18503812UNIIQ2YY22B0SVChemical and physical dataFormulaC21H27Cl…
American computer scientist This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article is an autobiography or has been extensively edited by the subject or by someone connected to the subject. It may need editing to conform to Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy. There may be relevant discussion on the talk page. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This …
1966 song by the Beatles RainUS picture sleeve (reverse)Single by the BeatlesA-sidePaperback WriterReleased30 May 1966 (1966-05-30)Recorded14 & 16 April 1966StudioEMI, LondonGenrePsychedelic rock[1][2]Length2:59Label Parlophone (UK) Capitol (US) Songwriter(s)Lennon–McCartneyProducer(s)George MartinThe Beatles UK singles chronology Day Tripper / We Can Work It Out(1965) Paperback Writer / Rain (1966) Eleanor Rigby / Yellow Submarine(1966) The Beatles US…
село Бетті-Мохк Бетти-Мохк Країна Росія Суб'єкт Російської Федерації Чечня Муніципальний район Ножай-Юртовський район Поселення Мескетинське сільське поселення Код ЗКАТУ: 96225825003 Код ЗКТМО: 96625425111 Основні дані Населення ▲ 955 Поштовий індекс 366220 Географічні координати: …
2018 Indian filmLove ExpressDirected byRamesh RoutWritten byNirmal NayakScreenplay byNirmal NayakProduced bySitaram Agrawal,[1] Namita AgrawalStarringSwaraj BarikSunmeeraEdited byRajesh DashMusic byBaidyanath DashRelease date 28 December 2018 (2018-12-28) CountryIndiaLanguageOdia Love Express is a 2018 Indian Odia language romantic film directed by Ramesh Rout and Produced by Sitaram Agrawal and Namita Agrawal which released in theatres on 28 December 2018.[2] The …
Lokasi Pengunjung: 18.118.227.16