During the Warring States period, the area belonged to the independent kingdom of Yelang.[4] The Records of the Grand Historian states that of all the independent kingdoms in the area, Yelang was the largest.[4] The kingdom was located along Zangke River (now called Beipan River), and Nanpan River.[citation needed] Bamboo Worship, Cow Totems, bullfights and dogfights were the culture traditions of the Yelang Empire.[citation needed] In 111 BCE, Yelang was conquered by the Han dynasty, and incorporated as Zangke Commandery [zh].[4] From 28 BCE to 25 BCE, an insurrection against Emperor Cheng called for the reinstatement of the Yelang Kingdom, but was crushed by Han forces.[4]
Under the Jin dynasty, the area of present-day Anshun would fall under the jurisdiction of Guangtan County (廣談縣) within Yi Province.[4]
During the Sui dynasty, the area belonged to Binhua County (宾化縣), located within Zangke Commandery, Zang Province [zh].[4]
This organization of the region remained intact until the latter portion of the Tang dynasty, when it was re-organized under the Puning Commandery [zh].[4] The area would remain under the Puning Commandery until 1292, when, under the Yuan dynasty, the area would fall under Puding Prefecture [zh], which it would remain under until 1372.[4]
Anshun Prefecture [zh] was established during the early Ming dynasty to govern the region, and would remain until 1602, when it was replaced by the Anshun Military and Civil Administration (安順軍民府).[4] The area was incorporated into the Qing dynasty in 1658, and a new Anshun Prefecture [zh] was established.[4] In April 1638, Xu Xiake, the greatest travel writer and geographer of ancient China, traveled to Anshun.[5]
In 1673, the area became engulfed under the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, during which, significant fighting took place in Anshun.[4]
The Anshun Prefecture would remain until January 15, 1913, when the Republic of China revoked the prefecture system.[4] After a short-lived implementation of a county to govern Anshun, the city was placed under Guizhou West Circuit [zh], until reverting to the county system.[4]
Anshun has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (KöppenCwa) bordering on a subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb), tempered by its rather high altitude and having frequent rain (falling on just over half of the days of the year) and high humidity year-round. Winters are short, cool and damp, while summers are very warm. The monthly 24-hour mean temperature ranges from 4.5 °C (40.1 °F) in January to 22.0 °C (71.6 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 14.22 °C (57.6 °F). Over two-thirds of the annual rainfall occurs from May to August.
Climate data for Anshun, elevation 1,431 m (4,695 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)
Note: Xixiu District includes one subdistrict and two towns of the Anshun Economic Development Zone, while the two towns of Huangguoshu Scenic Area, Huangguoshu (黄果树镇) and Baishui (白水镇), are administered by Zhenning and Guanling Counties, respectively.
Major agricultural products grown in Anshun include rice, yams, maize, rapeseed, watermelons, and various vegetables.[13] The city is also home to a sizable animal husbandry industry, which produces mostly pork, but also significant amounts of beef, poultry, and mutton.[13]
In recent years, the city has played an important role in the development of military aircraft, with significant production taking place in the city, and with Anshun Huangguoshu Airport serving as a testing ground for new military aircraft.[14][15] In 2019, the city government announced an initiative to further increase the city's aerospace industry over the next few years.[16]
According to the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China conducted in 2010, the residence population was 2,297,339, a reduction of 34,402 (1.48%) from the Fifth Census in 2000. The male-female ratio was 107.34 males per 100 females. Persons aged 0–14 numbered 580,910 (25.29%), 15–64 numbered 1,516,977 (66.03%), and 65+ numbered at 199,452 (8.68%). The urban population was 690,138 (only 30.04%).
Ethnic groups
Among the residence population, there were 1,466,833 people of Han ethnicity (63.85%), with members of various other ethnic groups taking up the other 36.15%.
Tourist attractions and landmarks in Anshun include:
Anshun Wenmiao: This Ming dynasty Confucian temple, situated within Anshun city, is erected to honor the famous philosopher Confucius and his disciples.
Huangguoshu Waterfall ("Yellow Fruit Tree Waterfall"): A waterfall that can be viewed from all angles, even from inside the waterfall. It is the biggest waterfall in Asia.
Getu River : the river is situated in a mountainous karst area. Along the river one can find Miao villages and karst caves. It is possible to walk 2000 steps up to the Chuangshang cave where one can get a view of the whole area.
Longgong Cave (龙宫洞; "Dragon Palace"): The cave is situated above sea level and one has to walk 200 meters upwards to reach it. From there one can sail into the cave and experience the stalagmites and stalactites of the karst formation. There is also a waterfall by the foot of the cave.
Tianlong Tunbao (屯堡) Ming Dynasty Town: The town is situated some 25 kilometres (16 mi) from downtown Anshun. The name Tunbao refers to the places where the troops were stationed to guard the frontiers after putting down the riots during their southern expedition to Guizhou in the Hongwu reign (1368–1398) of the Ming dynasty. The citizens have stuck to their traditional customs since then. The locals still wear clothes from the Ming dynasty and the houses are also from that era.
Tiantai Mountain: The mountain lies in Tunbao tourist site. It has a history of approximately 421 years. It is the only one ancient architectural complex in Guizhou Province which is the imitation of Song-dynasty-style. The architectural complex is called The Epic of Stone Architectural. Ming general Wu Sangui once resided here.
Zhongdong (中洞; Middle Cave): Twenty families live inside this isolated village, set in a humongous limestone cavern 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) up a mountain. It's thought to be the only year-round settlement inside a naturally occurring cave in China.
Huajiang Canyon: The only canyon which is famous as the "earth surface crack" canyon. Cliffside inscriptions are in the canyon.
Folk art
Anshun Batiks are a traditional folk Chinese handicraft art of Buyi Minority.
People use wax pen to draw various patterns on white cloth such as flowers, birds and some strange shapes. Then, the cloth will be dipped dyeing in the indigotin. Finally, the patterns will be white shapes on a blue ground. Baktis can be used to make dresses and some other daily used things.
Dixi Opera is called the "living fossil of Chinese Opera". The acting style is singing and dancing. The main feature is that all actors wear the xylographic masks and sing the opera which are the ancient style.[citation needed]
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