The congregation was established in Boston's South End with a church built for worship on Winchester Street by 1906.[2][3] As attendance grew and Boston was designated as a diocese for the Greek Orthodox Church in 1923, the Hellenic Association of New England (as the congregation was legally known by), sought out space for a new cathedral to be the seat for its bishop and allow for space for continued growth. The corner of Ruggles Street and Parker Street in Roxbury was selected and the new church was built by 1923.[2][4] The Classical Revival building was designed by Hachadoor Demoorjian; design work of its interior included consultation with architect Ralph Adams Cram.[5]
The cathedral has been the seat of the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Boston since the establishment of the Boston Diocese in 1923,[2] and served as the headquarters of the metropolis until c. 1973,[5] when its residence was moved to 162 Goddard Avenue, Brookline, Massachusetts.