Pouquet graduated with a thèse d'état in astrophysics (French equivalent of Ph.D.) from the Observatoire de Nice in 1976, where she studied turbulence in the presence of a magnetic field using models and direct numerical simulation.[3][6] She then remained at the observatory upon graduation, eventually becoming the director of the observatory's Cassini Laboratory in 1998.[7]
In 2000, Pouquet joined the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) at the University of Colorado Boulder as director of the Geophysical Turbulence Program and section head of the Turbulence Numerics Team, where she led efforts to investigate wave-turbulence interactions in the Earth's atmosphere and in space.[8] Pouquet also founded the Earth and Sun System Laboratory as the first acting director in 2004 and became its deputy director between 2006 and 2009.