In 2001, Grottoli started her academic career at the University of Pennsylvania, where she was supported by a Institute for Citizens & Scholars Fellowship. She was appointed assistant professor at Ohio State University in 2005. She established the Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry Laboratory.[4] Her research combines geochemistry and coral biology.[5] She is particularly interested in what allows corals to become resistant to climate change. She was a speaker at a 2015 TEDxOhio State University event, where she spoke about the connection between humans and corals.[6]
In 2019, Grottoli launched the Coral Bleaching Research Coordination Network (CBRCN).[7] In 2020, she was awarded a Fulbright Program Fellowship.[8] She spent the year in the Sorbonne University Oceanographic Lab in Villefranche-sur-Mer[8] where she studied corals of the Mediterranean, and how they are able to survive in stressful environments.[8]