Andi Oddang Makka (18 July 1925 – 10 February 2015) was an Indonesian military officer and politician who became the governor of South Sulawesi from 1978 to 1983.
Early life
Oddang was born on 18 July 1925[1] at Limpomajang, a village located in Barru, South Sulawesi,[2] to Makkarumpa Daeng Parani and I Sukkang Daeng Tommi. The second child in a Tallo aristocratic family, Oddang had eight other brothers and sisters, including Andi Mannaungi, Andi Rivai, Andi Ralle Ratu, Andi Tadjuddin, Andi Syafiuddin, Andi Makmur and Andi Sugiarti.[3]
Oddang attended the People's School in Parepare and graduated from the school in 1941. However, due to the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies a year later, he could not continue his education.[3] He then fled to Surabaya along with eight other friends to the Javanese islands after the independence of Indonesia in order to get away from military pressure in Parepare.[4]
Military career
Indonesian National Revolution
After sailing for several days, Oddang and his friends arrived in Surabaya, where they were inaugurated as a naval officer with the rank of lieutenant in May 1946. His first assignment was to conduct intelligence operations and collect informations during the Battle of Surabaya.[4]
Several years later, on 1 January 1947, the Dutch occupied Sidoarjo, a city near Surabaya, despite the fierce resistance delivered by Oddang's unit. After Mojokerto—another city near Sidoarjo—was also occupied on 17 March 1947, Oddang and his friends decided to switch their branch from the navy to the army. Oddang and his friends departed to Yogyakarta, the main base of the Indonesian Army, and underwent military training for three months. Only several of his friends, such as Eddy Sabara, managed to complete the entire training. Oddang then underwent airborne training and was deployed to Sulawesi for a military expedition.[4]
The military expedition, which was described by Oddang as a "life or death voyage", started from Situbondo. Oddang and his crewmates had to evade Dutch patrol to prevent themselves from being caught. Oddang eventually reached the waters near South Sulawesi several days later, but his ships had to evade the Barang Lompo island, an island near the capital of South Sulawesi, due to the sheer amount of Dutch spies hiding in the island. Oddang finally reached Suppa, a small village in the Pinrang Regency, where he and his crewmates unloaded a 30 kilogram communication device. Oddang then rested for a while in the village and heard that his father had been shot by a unit led by Raymond Westerling on 14 January 1947.[5]
After fighting with the Dutch, Oddang's company became part of the Worang Battalion, commanded by Hein Victor Worang. The battalion was deployed to Manado to prevent North Sulawesi from rejoining the State of East Indonesia. Several years later, the battalion was deployed to Maluku to crush the Republic of South Maluku separatist movement.[6]
After finishing his education in the college, Oddang returned to the Hasanuddin Military Regional Command and became the commander of the military region's regional training regiment. Oddang was promoted in 1973 to become the deputy chief of staff of the military region and in 1975 as the chief of staff.[3] During his tenure as chief of staff, Oddang forcefully took over 150 hectares of land in the Bonto Mangiring village for the housing of 43 Hasanuddin military region officers and 350 hectares of land in the Swatani Village for the housing of 150 soldiers. The take over was conducted with the approval of Achmad Lamo, the incumbent governor at that time and Malik Hambali, the incumbent regent at that time.[7]
While serving as the governor of South Sulawesi, Oddang was promoted from colonel to brigadier general in 1980.[8]
Governor of South Sulawesi
Appointment as governor
Inauguration of Andi Oddang as Governor of South Sulawesi
As the second term of Governor Achmad Lamo grew closer to an end, the Corhas (Corps Hasanuddin) organization, an organization filled with retired Hasanuddin Military Regional Command officers and Golkar, the ruling party, wanted him to be succeeded by Abdul Azis Bustam and Chaeruddin Tasning. Lamo himself wanted to be succeeded by Oddang, who was regarded as a person from high noble background and was less popular and less highly regarded from the two. However, President Suharto decided to support Oddang as Oddang also gained strong support from the Research Minister, B. J. Habibie, who maintained a close relationship with Oddang's clan. Bustam and Tasning was made as ambassador, and a sham election was held to legitimize Oddang's ascension into the governor's seat.[9] At the election held on 22 March 1978, Oddang obtained 20 out of 35 votes, while the government-approved puppet candidates Andi Mochtar and Daud Nompo got 8 and 7 votes respectively.[10] Oddang was sworn in as the governor exactly three months later by Maraden Panggabean.[11][12]
Agricultural project
In the beginning of his tenure Oddang executed the transition of corn variety from white corn to yellow corn. The project, which started in 1978, was completed a year later.[13]
Several years later, Oddang initiated the Lapo Ase (heaps of paddy) operation to increase the output of paddy fields in the region.[14] Oddang announced his plans to initiate the project in 1980[15] and again on 18 March 1981.[16] The project officially started a month later in conjunction with similar projects across Indonesia. The project initially covered the Bulukumba, Sinjai, and Bone regencies, but was expanded later to encompass the entire province.[14] Through the project, Oddang aimed at a 11% increase of paddy field output to 3.5 million tonnes of milled dry rice in 1982.[17] He also boasted that the operation would make the province as the "food barn" of the Eastern Indonesia region.[18]
Other agricultural hallmarks during his tenure were the establishment of the first seed processing unit in the Eastern Indonesia region located in Sidrap on 23 August 1981,[19] the first successful hybrid coconut in the province on 28 January 1982,[20] and the first successful harvest using the gogo rancah method on 25 March 1982.[21]
Cement scarcity
During his tenure, South Sulawesi experienced a shortage of cement due to the breakdown of the Tonasa cement factory, the main cement factory in the region. The shortage caused most of construction projects in the region to be delayed.[22] Oddang handled the shortage by instructing the trade bureau of the province to secure 25,000 cement sacks for members of the Indonesian Contractors Association that were working on state and provincial projects in the region.[23]
End of term
At the end of his term, Oddang declared that the gross domestic product per capita of South Sulawesi had grown by 6.11 percent every year during his tenure.[24] Oddang was replaced by Ahmad Amiruddin on 22 June 1983.[25]
Later life
Army and veteran organization
Oddang had been active in army and veteran organizations since before his retirement from the armed forces, with him holding the chairman of the 45' Generation in West Kalimantan from 1960 until 1963. After his retirement, Oddang became member of the Veterans' Legion of Indonesia, where he became the chairman of the organization's chapter in South Sulawesi and member of the plenary board of the legion from 1999 until his death.[3]
Death
Oddang died at 11.30 on 11 February 2015 in the Makassar Siloam Hospital after reaching critical point two hours before. Prior to his death, Oddang had suffered from a virus that affected his kidney. Oddang also went unconscious and was treated for a month before his death.[26]
Oddang was buried a day later with a military funeral led by the vice president of Indonesia, Jusuf Kalla.[27] A total of four bus were prepared for funeral attendees[28] and several roads that passed by Oddang's casket hearse were temporarily closed.[29]
Oddang was married to Rastinah Lahade. After Lahade died in 1975,[31] Oddang married again with Andi Mamminanga.[3] His second wife died on 9 November 2014, several months before he died.[32]
Through his marriage, Oddang had four sons, namely Irvan, Taufan, Akbar, and Siradjuddin.[3]
^Investigation Team of The Commission for Disappeared and Victims of Violence (2003). "Sepak Terjang PT Lonsum"(PDF). Berita Kontras. No. 9. The Commission for Disappeared and Victims of Violence. p. 5. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
^South Sulawesi Employees' Corps of the Republic of Indonesia (1980). "Segenap warga Korps..."Mimbar Departemen Dalam Negeri. No. 9. p. 35. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
^FM (23 May 1978). "Andi Oddang calon kuat gubernur Sulsel". Kompas. p. 12. Retrieved 10 April 2021. Kolonel Infanteri Andi Oddang (Kastaf Kodam XIV/Hasanuddin), merupakan calon terkuat sebagai Gubernur Sulawesi Selatan. Dalam pemilihan yang dilakukan DPRD Sulsel Senin kemarin, Andi Oddang mendapat 20 suara. Dua calon lainnya, Andi Muchtar SH (anggota MPR-DPR) dan Daud Nompo (Sekwilda Sulsel) masing-masing mendapat 8 dan 7 suara.
^FM/IIE (23 June 1978). "Menteri Polkam Panggabean: Wewenang gubernur bukan tanpa batas *Pelantikan gubernur Sulsel". Kompas. p. 12. Retrieved 10 April 2021. Kol. Andi Odang Kamis kemarin dilantik menjadi Gubernur/KDH Sulawesi Selatan, menggantikan H. Ahmad Lamo yang telah menyelesaikan dua kali masa jabatannya dan tugas sebagai Pj. Gubernur. Pelantikan dilakukan oleh Menko Polkam M. Panggabean dalam suatu sidang paripurna istimewa DPRD
^Myala, Fahmy (23 February 1979). "Sulsel tahun 1979: Dari jagung putih ke jagung kuning". Kompas. p. 8. Retrieved 10 April 2021. SECARA diam-diam Gubernur Sulawesi Selatan, Andi Oddang rupanya membuat kejutan dengan mengambil alih program pergantian varietas jagung di Sulawesi Selatan.Bulan Agustus 1978, baru dua bulan ia mengaku jabatan ketika keluar Instruksi Presiden nomor 11 tahun 1978
^FM (27 August 1980). "Di Sulsel, menurut gubernur Andi Oddang: Tingkat produktivitas padi masih bisa ditingkatkan". Kompas. p. 8. Retrieved 10 April 2021. Angka produksi padi/beras di Sulawesi Selatan selama Pelita II dua tahun pertama Pelita-III meningkat setiap tahun. Peningkatan itu menurut Gubernur Sulsel, H. Andi Oddang, ditunjang oleh program intensifikasi. Baikkarena bertambah luasnya areal intensifikasi,
^DTH (24 March 1981). "Gubernur Sulsel Andi Oddang: Operasi "Lapo Ase" Jadikan Sulsel Lumbung Pangan Nasional". Kompas. p. 8. Retrieved 10 April 2021. Gubernur Sulawesi Selatan Andi Oddang mengatakan tahun ini Pemerintah dan rakyat Sulsel akan melaksanakan Operasi "Lao Ase" untuk lebih meningkatkan produksi padi di darah ini dengan intensifikasi. Hal ini diungkapkan Andi Oddang di pelabuhan udara Selaparang. Mataram, Rabu.
^ATU (25 February 1982). "Sasaran produksi beras Sulsel: naik 11,7 persen dari 1981". Kompas. p. 8. Retrieved 10 April 2021. Gubernur Sulawesi Selatan, Andi Oddang menegaskan di Kabupaten Sidrap Sabtu malam, sasaran produksi pangan khususnya beras di Sulsel tahun 1982 mencapai 3,5 juta ton padi kering giling (PKG). "Ini berarti kenaikan produksi 11,77 persen dibanding tahun 1981," katanya. Dalam
^FM (15 September 1981). "Sulsel terbukti sebagai lumbung pangan". Kompas. p. 8. Retrieved 10 April 2021. Gubernur Sulawesi Selatan Andi Oddang mengatakan dalam satu acara pesta panen di Kecamatan Sajoanging, Kabupaten Wajo pekan lalu propinsi Sulsel betul-betul telah memenuhi fungsinya sebagai "lumbung pangan" untuk Indonesia bagian timur. Gubernur memperkirakan produksi
^FM (31 August 1981). "Pengolahan benih bermutu: hanya satu di bagian timur". Kompas. p. 8. Retrieved 10 April 2021. Unit Processing Benih (UPB) Perum Sang Hyang Sri untuk Indonesia bagian timur, baru ada satu di kabupaten Sidrap, Sulawesi Selatan. UPB yang terletak di kecamatan Sereang ini diresmikan oleh Gubernur Sulsel H. Andi Oddang hari Minggu malam pekan lalu.
^Myala, Fahmy (3 February 1982). "Kelapa Hybrida yang pertama di Sulawesi Selatan". Kompas. p. 2. Kelapa jenis hybrida pertama kali ditanam di Sulawesi Selatan pada 25 Februari 1978. Lokasinya di desa Balleanging, Kecamatan Ujungbulu, Kabupaten Bulukumba, sekitar 160 kilometer dari Ujungpandang. Gubernur Sulawesi Selatan, Andi Oddang pada tanggal 28 Januari 1982
^FM (30 March 1982). "Lagi, Gora Berhasil". Kompas. p. 8. Pertanaman padi sistem gogo rancah yang pertama kalinya di Kabupaten Jeneponto dan Kabupaten Takalar dipanen pertama oleh Menteri Keuangan, Ali Wardhana dan Gubernur Sulawesi Selatan, H. Andi Oddang. Panen di Jeneponto oleh Menkeu Kamis 25 Maret. Sedang panen di Takalar ()
^GST/FM/NOT/ST/IDA (15 October 1980). "Kelangkaan semen di beberapa daerah * Tonasa II rusak * Laksusda Sulselra turun tangan". Kompas. p. 1. Retrieved 10 April 2021. Kelangkaan semen ternyata terjadi di beberapa daerah. Selain di DKI Jakarta Raya, kelangkaan terjadi di Sulawesi Selatan sehingga banyak kegiatan pembangunan menurun. Ini memaksa Gubernu Sulsel Andi Odang dan Laksusda turun tangan. Kelangkaan juga terjadi di Surabaya dan
^FM (28 March 1983). "Pendapatan Per Kapita di Sulsel Meningkat 6,11 Persen Setahun". Kompas. p. 8. Retrieved 10 April 2021. "Tingkat keberhasilan pembngunan sesuatu daerah bisa diukur dari keberhasilan kita meningkatkan taraf hidup dan kesejahteraan rakyat," kata Gubernur Sulawesi Selatan, H. Andi Oddang menjawab pertanyaan Kompas Rabu pekan lalu. Ia menegaskan, peningkatan taraf hidup dan
^FM/BAM (23 June 1983). "Tingkatkan efisiensi, hilangkan tumpang tindih". Kompas. p. 1. Retrieved 10 April 2021. Menteri Dalam Negeri, Soepardjo Rustam, atas nama Presiden RI, Rabu melantik Prof Dr Achmad Amiruddin Pabittei sebagai Gubernur/Kepala Daerah Sulawesi Selatan periode 1983-1988. Amiruddin menggantikan H. Andi Oddang yang telah berakhir masa jabatannya...
