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Ancram, New York
Ancram, New York
Town
	The historic Simons General Store (built 1873–4) in the center of Ancram
	Location of Ancram, New York
	Coordinates: 42°2′N 73°36′W / 42.033°N 73.600°W
Country	United States
State	New York
County	Columbia
Town of Gallatin	1803
Government
• Type	Town Council
• Town Supervisor	Jim MacArthur (R)
• Town Council	Members' List
Area
• Total	42.73 sq mi (110.68 km2)
• Land	42.48 sq mi (110.01 km2)
• Water	0.26 sq mi (0.67 km2)
Elevation	505 ft (154 m)
Population (2020)
• Total	1,440
• Density	34/sq mi (13/km2)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code	12502
Area code	518
FIPS code	36-021-02099
GNIS feature ID	0978679
Website	www.townofancram.org

Ancram is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 1,440 at the 2020 census,^[2]^{[better source needed]} down from 1,573 at the 2010 census.^[3] The town was named after Ancram (now Ancrum), Scotland.

Ancram is in the southeastern corner of the county.

History

Prior to European colonization, the area had been occupied for thousands of years by varying indigenous cultures. Historic Native American nations included the Mahican and Wappinger.

Recorded as part of the land grant to the Livingston family, this area on the Roeliff Jansen Kill was originally called "Livingston Forge" after the iron foundry developed on the river. Throughout the eighteenth century, the Livingston forge created metal products for the community. The town was sometimes known as "Scotchtown" due to the immigrants of Scottish ancestry who flocked there in the late 18th century. As the Revolution drew near, the factory produced shot, cannonballs, and perhaps most importantly, the huge chain that was installed across the Hudson River at West Point as a defense against British ships going upriver. The "Fort Montgomery Chain" was worked up in 1776 at the Ancram foundry and placed across the Hudson River near West Point between Fort Montgomery and Fort Clinton.^[4] On October 6, 1777, British forces attacked the two forts, choosing to outflank the forts on land rather than test the strength of the chain directly.^[5] It is believed that the chain was confiscated by the British forces when they retreated from the fort several weeks later. Its whereabouts is unknown but one prominent British historian surmises it was shipped to Gibraltar to defend shipping in that British colony.^[6]

After the Revolution, the town was established from part of the town of Livingston in 1803, and was then called "Gallatin". In 1814, the name was changed to "Ancram", after the town in Scotland where the Livingstons had their origins. Part of Ancram was taken to form a new town of Gallatin in 1830.

Mining of iron and lead was important in the early economy; the town of Ancramdale was originally known as "Ancram Lead Mines".

The hamlet of Boston Corner was formerly part of Massachusetts. Because it was more accessible from Ancram, it was annexed by the New York town on April 13, 1857, by an agreement between the states.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 42.7 square miles (110.7 km²), of which 42.5 square miles (110.0 km²) is land and 0.27 square miles (0.7 km²), or 0.61%, is water.^[3] Most of the town is drained by the Roeliff Jansen Kill and its tributary, Punch Brook. The Roeliff Jansen Kill flows west to the Hudson River. The southeastern corner of the town drains to Webatuck Creek, which flows south to the Ten Mile River and thence to the Housatonic River in Connecticut.

The eastern town line is the border of Massachusetts and of Dutchess County. The southern town line also borders Dutchess County.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	%±
1820	3,147	—
1830	1,533	−51.3%
1840	1,770	15.5%
1850	1,569	−11.4%
1860	1,720	9.6%
1870	1,793	4.2%
1880	1,602	−10.7%
1890	1,332	−16.9%
1900	1,238	−7.1%
1910	1,137	−8.2%
1920	1,015	−10.7%
1930	850	−16.3%
1940	1,005	18.2%
1950	925	−8.0%
1960	1,080	16.8%
1970	1,215	12.5%
1980	1,332	9.6%
1990	1,510	13.4%
2000	1,513	0.2%
2010	1,573	4.0%
2020	1,440	−8.5%
U.S. Decennial Census^[7]^{[failed verification]} 2020^[2]

2000

As of the census^[8] of 2000, there were 1,513 people, 595 households, and 430 families residing in the town. The population density was 35.5 inhabitants per square mile (13.7/km²). There were 823 housing units at an average density of 19.3 per square mile (7.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.69% White, 1.06% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.13% Asian, and 0.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.93% of the population.

There were 595 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.7% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $45,726, and the median income for a family was $47,708. Males had a median income of $31,196 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,541. About 5.1% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and other locations

Ancram — The hamlet of Ancram is in the western part of the town on New York State Route 82 and County Route 7.
Ancramdale — A hamlet southeast of Ancram village.
Boston Corner — A hamlet of Ancram which was formerly in Massachusetts. The community is adjacent to the Massachusetts border.
Taconic State Park — Part of the park is in the northeastern part of the town.
Weed Mines — A location by the northern town line.

References

^ "2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
^ ^a ^b US Census Bureau, 2020 census, Ancram town, Columbia County, New York https://www.census.gov/search-results.html?searchType=web&cssp=SERP&q=Ancram%20town,%20Columbia%20County,%20New%20York Accessed November 6, 2022
^ ^a ^b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Ancram town, Columbia County, New York". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
^ Lincoln Diamant; Chaining the Hudson; The fight for the river in the American Revolution, PP. 92
^ Lincoln Diamant; Chaining the Hudson; The fight for the river in the American Revolution, PP. 115-118
^ Lincoln Diamant; Chaining the Hudson; The fight for the river in the American Revolution, PP. 175-176
^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.