PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Anauê

Anauê is a Brazilian greeting of Indigenous origin, with documented usage in 1911 among the Nambikwara people in Mato Grosso. It was extensively used from 1923 to 1936 by the Brazilian Scouting movement, due to the movement's indigenist character. In the early 1930s, it was adopted by Brazilian Integralists, who combined it with a Fascist-inspired salute, commonly associated with the Roman salute.[1][2][3][4] The appropriation of the greeting by Brazilian Integralists led to its abandonment in 1936 by the non-partisan Scouting movement, to avoid confusion with Integralism.

Etymology

The use of the expression "Anauê!" as a greeting to newcomers was documented in December 1911 by Cândido da Silva Rondon as originating from the Nambikwara language.[5]

Nevertheless, attempts have been made to classify the expression within other language families. According to Gustavo Barroso, one of the leaders of the Brazilian Integralist Action, the greeting would be a combination of different greetings existing in the Tupi language.[1] For Luís da Câmara Cascudo, the word would have originated from the Paresi language. Being a shout, it would mean "united-with-others-equals, of solidarity, of meeting, of gathering, of rallying call. Its use as an acclamation would be an acclimatization of the military voice in civil ceremonies."[6]

History

The term was documented in December 1911 by Marshal Rondon at the mouth of the Juina River in Mato Grosso, as a specific greeting used by the Nambikwara people to announce themselves to newcomers.[5]

In 1928, an article published in the Brazilian Maritime Review [pt] refers to the victory cry "aroeira" as part of nautic language, which allegedly derived from the Guarani "anauê".[7]

Scouting movement

In October 1923, the scout leader Jaboty-êtê (Velho Lobo), described as a "great cultivator of national indigenismo," in an article published in the children's newspaper O Tico-Tico, recounts the use of the scout greeting of those arriving "Aná-u-ê! Aná-u-ê!" during a scout activity, answered by the greeting of those who are there: "Anê-rê! Anê-rê!", both allegedly extracted from the Tupi language.[8] The same leader published a similar missive the following November in the Gazeta de Notícias [pt], in which he addresses the children with the scout greeting "Ana-uê, colomys!", which according to him would mean "Greetings, boys!" in Tupi, being answered by the children with "Anê-rê! Anê-rê!", meaning "Welcome! Welcome!".[9]

In September 1924, in the "Scouting" supplement of Tico-Tico, Velho Lobo greets American scouts with "Anauê!".[10] In July 1925, scout leader Guilherme Azambuja Neves opened the council fire of the Fluminense FC Scouts with a triple "Anauê! Anauê! Anauê!", addressed to the scouts of Fluminense, those of Brazil, and those of the whole world.[11]

Brazilian Integralism

Members of the Brazilian Integralist Action wore green uniforms and paraded through the streets in military-style formation, shouting "Anauê!". In October 1934, the Battle of Praça da Sé took place, where a number of anti-fascist demonstrators began with provocations such as "death to Integralism" (Brazilian Portuguese: morra o integralismo) and "get out, green chickens" (Brazilian Portuguese: fora, galinhas verdes).[4]

According to the Integralists, the greeting "Anauê!" with a raised arm manifested the "intention of identifying with one's equals", supposedly repeating an indigenous ritual that would translate "anauê" as "I am your friend," reinforcing solidarity among people.[12]

In 2019, Ernesto Araújo, then Brazil's newly appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, concluded his speech with the expression "Anauê Jaci," a supposed Tupi translation of the salutation ''Hail Mary''.[13] The event raised hypotheses about an association between Bolsonarism and Integralism, as there are no known historical records of such a translation, whose content, in addition to being grammatically imprecise, differs from the version of the Hail Mary found in the Catecismo na Língua Brasílica.[14]

References

  1. ^ a b Silva, Rogério Souza (2005). "A política como espetáculo: a reinvenção da história brasileira e a consolidação dos discursos e das imagens integralistas na revista Anauê!". Revista Brasileira de História (in Portuguese). 25: 61–95. doi:10.1590/S0102-01882005000200004. ISSN 0102-0188. De fato, a Ação Integralista Brasileira possuía todos os elementos de caracterização externa do fascismo, como a camisa-uniforme, nascida da camiccia nera de Mussolini, que nele era verde (como nos congêneres romeno e húngaro), tendo sido parda no nazismo, preta nos fascistas tchecos e ingleses, azul nos irlandeses e nos portugueses de Rolão Preto; e até dourada num agrupamento mexicano aparentado. Ou, ainda, o signo de conotação meio mística: fascio littorio, svástica, cruz de fechas, tocha e, no Brasil, o sigma somatório. Ou, também, a saudação romana, comum a todas as modalidades e que entre nós passou por um processo revelador de assimilação, identificando-se à saudação indígena de paz com o brado 'Anauê'. Resultou uma saudação nacional, peculiar, reveladora do indianismo que sempre reponta em nossos diferentes nacionalismos como busca do timbre diferenciador; mas que nem por isso deixa de ser manifestação do sistema simbólico do fascismo, geral.
  2. ^ Payne, Stanley G. (July 15, 1995). A History of Fascism, 1914–1945. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 345. ISBN 978-0-299-14874-4. The Integralists sought to achieve an authoritarian and corporatist state (an "integral state") that would foster a new multiracial—if anti-Semitic—Brasilidade, a new Brazilian "race" defined in cultural and historical rather than ethnobiological terms. Members of the movement wore green shirts and combined the fascist salute with the Brazilian Indian greeting of "Anauê".
  3. ^ Barbosa, Jefferson Rodrigues (2015). "Chauvinismo e extrema direita: crítica aos herdeiros do sigma". Scielo Livros (in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo: Editora da UNESP. doi:10.7476/9788568334683. O figurino, com poucas modificações, permanece, saído diretamente dos anos 30. As botas, os quepes e o Sigma (que está para o integralismo como a suástica para o nazismo) atado ao braço deixaram de existir, mas a camisa verde está lá. O Sigma, agora mais discreto, aparece em prendedores de gravatas, pretas, como as calças e os sapatos. Só falta a saudação anauê, que costumavam fazer com o braço direito esticado. Engana-se, porém, quem pensa que a antiga doutrina atrai só saudosistas e remanescentes do auge do integralismo, época em que os "camisas verdes" chegaram a ser 1 milhão. Ao lado das cabeças brancas, jovens simpatizantes afirmam os valores da doutrina. Adequados, ao seu modo, aos novos tempos, os integralistas veem na Internet o grande instrumento para a divulgação de suas ideias.
  4. ^ a b Paese Fedrigo, Camila; Adamatti, Bianka; Bós e Silva, Débora; Demari, Melissa; De Ávila, Sirlei Xavier. "ANAUÊ! O BRADO TUPI-FASCISTA DO DESDÉM AOS DIREITOS HUMANOS" (PDF). Universidade Feevale (in Brazilian Portuguese). XI Seminário de Estudos Históricos: A democracia ainda é a questão: Reflexões sobre a ditadura civil-militar e a comissão nacional da verdade. O movimento Integralista destacou-se no Brasil com um cada vez maior número de seguidores, que ficaram conhecidos como "camisas verdes" fazendo menção aos seus uniformes. Exibições públicas, típicas dos movimentos fascistas eram comuns no Movimento Integralista.5 Tratavam-se com um cumprimento de origem tupi-guarani, "Anauê!" com clara alusão ao "Heil!" nazista.
  5. ^ a b "Sessão em 31 de dezembro de 1915". memoria.bn.gov.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved April 25, 2026.
  6. ^ Grecco, Gabriela de Lima (2022). "Fascismo além das fronteiras europeias? Ação Integralista Brasileira e o fascismo no Brasil". Locus: Revista de História (in Portuguese). 28 (2). Federal University of Juiz de Fora: 202–222. doi:10.34019/2594-8296.2022.v28.37336. ISSN 2594-8296.
  7. ^ "Revista Maritma Brazileira (RJ) - 1881 a 2012 - DocReader Web". memoria.bn.gov.br. Retrieved April 25, 2026.
  8. ^ "Excerpto de um relatorio de Observação". memoria.bn.gov.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved April 25, 2026.
  9. ^ "Escotismo - Ana-uê, colomys!". memoria.bn.gov.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). November 6, 1923. Retrieved April 25, 2026.
  10. ^ "O Tico-Tico : Jornal das crianças (RJ) - 1905 a 1961 - DocReader Web". memoria.bn.gov.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved April 25, 2026.
  11. ^ "O Imparcial (RJ) - 1920 a 1929 - DocReader Web". memoria.bn.gov.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on September 4, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2026.
  12. ^ "Revista Maritma Brazileira (RJ) - 1881 a 2012 - DocReader Web". memoria.bn.gov.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on September 4, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2026.
  13. ^ "Bolsonaro repetiu lema integralista ao encerrar discurso na ONU; entenda". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved April 26, 2026.
  14. ^ Santos, César (September 17, 2020). "Anuê Jaci: política externa e povos indígenas diante da inflexão conservadora e do bolsonarismo". Cadernos de Campo: Revista de Ciências Sociais (in Portuguese) (28). ISSN 2359-2419. Archived from the original on May 27, 2022.

Content Disclaimer

Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.

  1. The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
  2. There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
  3. It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
  4. Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
  5. Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.