Gustaf Allan Pettersson[needs IPA] (19 September 1911 – 20 June 1980) was a Swedish composer and violist. He is considered one of the 20th century's most important Swedish composers and was described as one of the last great symphonists, often compared to Gustav Mahler.[1][2][3][4]: 3 [5] His music can hardly be confused with other 20th-century works. In the final decade of his life, his symphonies (typically one-movement works) developed an international following, particularly in Germany and Sweden.[6] Of these, his best known work is Symphony No. 7. His music later found success in the United States.[7]: 7 The conductors Antal Doráti and Sergiu Comissiona premiered and recorded several of his symphonies. Pettersson's song cycle Barefoot Songs influenced many of his compositions. Doráti arranged eight of the Barefoot Songs. Birgit Cullberg produced three ballets based on Pettersson's music.
Born on 19 September 1911,[8] Gustaf Allan Pettersson was the youngest of four children.[9] His father, Karl Viktor Pettersson (1875–1952),[10][11] was a violent, alcoholic blacksmith,[12] and his mother, Ida Paulina (née Svenson) (1876–1960), was a dressmaker.[10][11] Pettersson was born at Granhammar manor in Västra Ryd parish in the Uppland province of Sweden. He grew up poor[13] in Stockholm's Södermalm district,[14] where he lived during his whole life.[3] He once said:
I wasn't born under a piano, I didn't spend my childhood with my father, the composer... no, I learnt how to work white-hot iron with the smith's hammer. My father was a smith who may have said no to God, but not to alcohol. My mother was a pious woman who sang and played with her four children.[15]
With his parents and siblings, Pettersson lived in a damp, one-room basement apartment with bars on the window.[12][16] When he was 10, he bought a cheap violin with money he earned from selling Christmas cards[13] and taught himself to play it.[12] Even the beatings he received from his father and the threat of reform school could not diminish his interest in music.[17] Through strict self-discipline and with the help of music, Pettersson freed himself from his social misery and difficult family circumstances.[18] Aged 14, he finished elementary school and took up full-time practice on the violin.[19][10] He later made two unsuccessful attempts to enter the Royal Swedish Academy of Music's conservatory.[20]
In 1930, Pettersson began studying violin and later the viola, as well as counterpoint and harmony, at the Royal Swedish Academy of Music's conservatory (Royal College of Music, Stockholm).[8] At the beginning of World War II, he was in Paris, studying the viola with the French violist Maurice Vieux. Pettersson won the Jenny Lind scholarship prize in 1938, using it to study abroad.[21][22]
Later life
During the 1940s, Pettersson worked as a violist in the Stockholm Concert Society (later the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra).[8] He also studied composition with the composer and conductor Karl-Birger Blomdahl, orchestration with the conductor Tor Mann, and counterpoint with organist and composer Otto Olsson.[10][23] In 1943, he married a physiotherapist, Gudrun Tyra Charlotta Gustafsson (1921–2017).[10][24]
In September 1951, Pettersson went to Paris to study composition and was a student of composers René Leibowitz, Arthur Honegger, Olivier Messiaen, and Darius Milhaud.[10][25][16] He returned to Sweden at the end of 1952. In the early 1950s, he was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis.[26][27][a] He gave up playing the viola and began devoting his life to composition.[13] In 1954, he received an annual state composition grant for his first time.[28]
By the time of his Symphony No. 5, completed in 1962, his mobility and health were compromised considerably.[29][30] In 1964, the government granted him a lifelong guaranteed income.[31] His greatest success came a few years later with his Symphony No. 7 [sv; nl] (1966),[12] which premiered on 13 October 1968 in Stockholm Concert Hall with Antal Doráti conducting the Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra.[32] A recording of his seventh symphony, with the same conductor and orchestra, was released in 1969. It was a breakthrough, establishing his international reputation, and he received two Swedish Grammis in 1970.[4]: 7 The conductors Antal Doráti and Sergiu Comissiona premiered and made first recordings of several of Pettersson's symphonies and contributed to his rise to fame during the 1970s.[33][34]
Pettersson was hospitalized for nine months in 1970, soon after the composition of his Symphony No. 9, his longest symphony. He began writing the condensed Symphony No. 10 (1972) from his sickbed.[35][36] Pettersson was admitted to Karolinska Hospital, because of a life-threatening kidney ailment.[37] He recovered, but rheumatoid arthritis confined him most of the time to his fourth-floor apartment in a building with no elevator.[b][39][40][12] In 1975, after a dispute about a change in a concert program for an American tour, the Stockholm Philharmonic was forbidden to perform works by Pettersson "for all time". The ban was lifted in 1976.[41][42] Pettersson was awarded the Litteris et Artibus, a Swedish royal medal established in 1853, in 1977.[10] In autumn 1978,[c] he moved to a state living quarters.[43][40] He began writing his seventeenth symphony, but died, at age 68,[44] in Stockholm's Maria Magdalena parish before finishing it. He is buried in the Högalid Churchcolumbarium.[45][46][8]
Music
Pettersson's music can be compared to Mahler's symphonic output, especially in the magnificent design and the passion and dynamism.[47] The symphonic eccentric Pettersson is not an avant-gardist.[3] His kinetic[48] and organic development of musical matter[49] uses traditional means of expression.[50] Basic motifs are constantly being changed and developed.[3] Pettersson's writing is very strenuous and often has many simultaneous polyphonic lines.[51][52] His symphonies end on common major or minor chords[4]: 5 —but tonality, which depends on some sense, however attenuated, of tonal progression, is found mostly in slower sections. This can be shown at the openings and endings of his 6th and 7th symphonies, and the end of his 9th. Overwhelmingly serious in tone, often dissonant, his music rises to ferocious climaxes, relieved, especially in his later works, by lyrical oases ("lyrische Inseln").[53][18][54]
Pettersson's music has a very distinctive sound and can hardly be confused with that of any other 20th-century composer.[55] His symphonies, which range from 22 to 70 minutes long,[56] are typically one-movement works.[57][7]: 4 Pettersson's music is demanding on performers and listeners.[58]
Pettersson quoted songs from his own 24 Barefoot Songs in several of his compositions.[59][60]
Musicologist Ivanka Stoïanova designed a theory of musical space about Pettersson's music.[61][62]
Most of his music has now been recorded at least once and much of it is now available in published scores.[d]
Works
Pettersson began composing songs and smaller chamber works in the 1930s.[63]
His production from the 1940s includes the song cycle twenty-four Barefoot Songs (1943–1945) based on his poems and a dissonant[64] concerto for violin and string quartet (1949), which is influenced by Béla Bartók and Paul Hindemith.[65][66] Pettersson soon found his own compositional style.[3]
In 1951, he created the experimental Seven Sonatas for two Violins. At the same time, he composed the first of his seventeen symphonies, which he left unfinished. This work has been recorded in a performing version prepared by trombonist and conductor Christian Lindberg in 2011.[67]
Pettersson about the symphonic output of the 1950s:
No one in the 1950s noticed, that I am always breaking up the structures, that I was creating a whole new symphonic form.[68][69]
It took four years to write the conceptual and style-defining Symphony No. 6 (1963–1966).[70] His Symphony No. 7 and Symphony No. 8 (1968–1969) have been recorded more than his other works and are probably his best-known. In the 1970s, he composed two related works about social protest and compassion, the Symphony No. 12 for mixed chorus and orchestra (1973–1974) to poems by Literature Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda with contemporary relevance[e] and the cantataVox Humana (1974) on texts by Latin American poets. During the prolific last decade of his life, he also wrote a concerto for violin and orchestra (1977–1978, rev. 1980) written for the violinist Ida Haendel,[72] a Symphony No. 16 (1979) which features a bravura solo part for alto saxophone commissioned by American saxophonist Frederick L. Hemke,[73] and an incomplete, posthumously discovered concerto for viola and orchestra (1979–1980).[74]
Legacy
In 1968–1969, conductor and composer Antal Doráti arranged eight of Pettersson's Barefoot Songs as full-scale orchestral songs.[75]
Choreographer Birgit Cullberg produced three ballets based on Pettersson's music. Rapport (1976, Symphony No. 7), Vid Urskogens rand (1977, Concerto No. 1 for String Orchestra), Krigsdanser (War Dance) (1979, Symphony No. 9).[76]
The four orchestral sketches "... das Gesegnete, das Verfluchte" (1991) by Peter Ruzicka are a tribute to Pettersson's life and work, quoting sketches of his unfinished Symphony No. 17.[77]
After Pettersson's death, the Internationale Allan Pettersson Gesellschaft (International Allan Pettersson Society) issued six yearbooks, Classic Produktion Osnabrück CPO began recording his complete works, and a series of concerts (in 1994–1995) programmed almost all of them.[23][79][80]
1979 Professors namn [sv] (Honorary Professorship Royal Swedish Academy of Music)[10]
Discography
The selected discography includes the original format of the recording and releasing label. Some of the LP releases have been reissued on CD. A 12-CD pack of the Complete Symphonies of Allan Pettersson has been produced by CPO (Classic Produktion Osnabrück) based on recordings of 1984, 1988, 1991–1995, 2004. In 2023, a cycle of all Pettersson symphonies produced by BIS Records was completed.[82][83]
Pettersson, Allan (1952). "Dissonance—douleur". Musique Contemporaine—Revue Internationale (in French). 4–6. Paris: 235–236. OCLC702671430.
—— (1988) [1952]. "Dissonance—douleur = Dissonanz—Schmerz". In Im Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube (ed.). Allan Pettersson Jahrbuch. 1988 (in French and German). Saarbrücken: Pfau Verlag. pp. 7–13. ISBN978-3-89727-194-4.
—— (1955). "Den konstnärliga lögnen". Musiklivet (in Swedish). 28 (2). Stockholm: Sveriges körförbund: 26–27. ISSN0027-4836.
——; et al. (1989b). "Allan Petterssons Boykott der Stockholmer Philharmoniker 1975". In Im Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube (ed.). Allan Pettersson Jahrbuch. 1989 (in German). Saarbrücken: Pfau Verlag. pp. 10–44. ISBN978-3-89727-195-1.
—— (1989a). "Randnotizen zur 10. Symphonie [Karolinska Hospital Diary 1970–1971]". In Im Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube (ed.). Allan Pettersson Jahrbuch. 1989 (in German). Saarbrücken: Pfau Verlag. pp. 45–48. ISBN978-3-89727-195-1.
^ abcOlsson, Per-Henning (2018). Pettersson: Symphony No. 5 & 7(PDF) (booklet). Christian Lindberg, Norrköping Symphony Orchestra. Åkersberga, Sweden: BIS-2240. OCLC1034638954. Archived(PDF) from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
^Lambton, Christopher (7 November 1993). "Mahler and a Swedish imitator". The Times. London.
^ abOlsson, Per-Henning (2014). Pettersson: Symphony No. 4 & 16(PDF) (booklet). Christian Lindberg, Norrköping Symphony Orchestra. Åkersberga, Sweden: BIS-2110. OCLC908174896. Archived(PDF) from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
^ abcdIm Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube, ed. (1986). "Stichworte zur Biographie". Allan Pettersson Jahrbuch. 1986a (in German). Saarbrücken: Pfau Verlag. p. 7. ISBN978-3-89727-192-0.
^Pettersson, Allan; Hammar, Sigvard (5 March 1972). "Musiken gör livet uthärdligt [intervju]". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). cited in Meyer, Andreas K. W. (1994). Pettersson: Symphony No. 3 & 4 (booklet). Alun Francis and Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Saarbrücken. Georgsmarienhütte, Germany: CPO 999 223–2. p. 23. OCLC33168153.
^Meyer, Andreas K. W. (1992). Pettersson: Symphony No. 7(PDF) (booklet). Gerd Albrecht, Philharmonisches Staatsorchester Hamburg. Georgsmarienhütte, Germany: CPO 999 190–2. p. 10. OCLC716455566. Archived(PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
^ abKube, Michael (2005). "Pettersson, Allan, Würdigung". In Lütteken, Laurenz (ed.). MGG Online (in German). Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart. (subscription required)
^Shanks, Mark (19 September 1911). "Composers – Pettersson". Classical Net. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^Leden, Ido (2011). "Reumatisk sjukdom och konstnärligt skapande: Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Raoul Dufy, Allan Pettersson". Reuma Bulletinen—tidskrift för Svensk Reumatologisk Förening (in Swedish). 83 (4/2011): 21–23.
^Aare, Leif (1994). Pettersson: Vox humana, Rosenberg: Dagdrivaren (booklet). Stig Westerberg, Marianne Mellnäs, Margot Rödin, Sven-Erik Alexandersson, Erland Hagegård, Swedish Radio Choir, and Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra. Djursholm: BIS 55. p. 6. OCLC705252024.
^Meyer, Andreas K. W. (1997). Pettersson: Symphony No. 10 & 11 (booklet). Alun Francis and Radio-Philharmonie Hannover des NDR. Georgsmarienhütte, Germany: CPO 999 285–2. p. 16. OCLC38871098.
^ abcMeyer, Andreas K.W. (2019). Pettersson: Vox Humana, 6 Sånger(PDF) (booklet). Hellgren, Grevelius, Thimander, Högström, Musica Vitae, Ensemble SYD, Daniel Hansson. Georgsmarienhütte, Germany: cpo 999 286–2. Archived(PDF) from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
^"Mr Allan Pettersson, Obituary". The Times. No. 60684. London. 23 July 1980. p. 16.
^"Gravar.se". Gravar.se. 19 September 1911. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
^Meyer, Andreas K. W. (1996). Pettersson: Symphony No. 5 & 16 (booklet). Alun Francis, John-Edward Kelly, and Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Saarbrücken. Georgsmarienhütte, Germany: CPO 999 284–2. p. 19. OCLC638281199.
^Meyer, Andreas K. W. (1994). Pettersson: Symphony No. 15, Ruzicka: Das Gesegnete, das Verfluchte (booklet). Peter Ruzicka and Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin. Georgsmarienhütte, Germany: CPO 999 095-2. p. 22. OCLC638280608.
^"Vill sprida information om kompositören AP". Allan Pettersson Sällskapet / The Swedish Allan Pettersson Society (in Swedish). 17 April 2018. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
^Steen, Renske (25 November 2018). Programmheft Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra(PDF) (booklet) (in German). Dortmund: Konzerthaus Dortmund. Archived(PDF) from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
Berggren, Peter; Höglind, Tommy; Källström, Gunnar (1979). Människans röst [Vox Humana—The Voice of Man] (DVD) (in Swedish and English). Stockholm: BIS 2038 (published 2013). OCLC907810041. Allan Pettersson, composer. A documentary 1973–1978.
Berggren, Peter (1987). Sången om livet [The song of life] (DVD) (in Swedish and English). Stockholm: BIS 2230 (published 2017). OCLC985346501. Sången om livet. Det förbannade! Det välsignade! Allan Pettersson in conversation 1973–1980 with Sigvard Hammar, Tommy Höglind, Gunnar Källström and Peter Berggren. Swedish Television (SVT).
Hammar, Sigvard (1974). Vem fan är Allan Pettersson? [Who the hell is Allan Pettersson?] (DVD) (in Swedish and English). Stockholm: BIS 2110 (published 2014). OCLC899741820. An interview with the composer. Swedish Television (SVT).
Aare, Leif (1995). "G Allan Pettersson". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (in Swedish). Vol. 29. Stockholm: Riksarchivet. p. 242. Archived from the original on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
Barkefors, Laila (1990). "Glauben Sie mir, die Eindrücke aus der Kindheit sind die kostbarste Gabe, die wir mit uns ins Leben bringen. Über Allan Pettersson und Södermalm". In Im Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube (ed.). Allan Pettersson Jahrbuch. 1990 (in German). Saarbrücken: Pfau Verlag. pp. 25–36. ISBN978-3-89727-196-8.
Barkefors, Laila (1994). "Allan Pettersson: der Jenny-Lind-Stipendiat in Paris 1939–40". In Im Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube (ed.). Allan Pettersson (1911–1980). Texte—Materialien—Analysen (in German). Hamburg: von Bockel Verlag. pp. 71–80. ISBN978-3-928770-30-9.
Barkefors, Laila (1995). Gallret och stjärnan. Allan Petterssons väg genom Barfotasånger till symfoni [The grating and the star. Allan Pettersson's path through "Barfotasånger" to symphony] (PhD thesis) (in Swedish). Gothenburg University. ISBN978-91-85974-34-4.
Barkefors, Laila (1999). Allan Pettersson: det brinner en sol inom oss—en tonsättares liv och verk (in Swedish). Stockholm: Sveriges Radios Förlag. ISBN978-91-522-1822-8.
Bergendal, Göran (1972). 33 svenska komponister (in Swedish). Stockholm: Lindblad. ISBN978-91-32-40374-3.
Broman, Per Fredrik (2002). "New Music of Sweden". In White, John David; Christensen, Jean (eds.). New music of the Nordic countries. Hillsdale, New York: Pendragon Press musicological series. pp. 445–588. ISBN978-1-57647-019-0.
Comissiona, Sergiu; Ollefs, Christian (1986). "Die Fragen kommen wieder". In Im Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube (ed.). Allan Pettersson Jahrbuch. 1986 (in German). Saarbrücken: Pfau Verlag. pp. 37–42. ISBN978-3-89727-192-0.
Doráti, Antal (1986). "Erinnerungen an Allan Pettersson". In Im Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube (ed.). Allan Pettersson Jahrbuch. 1986 (in German). Saarbrücken: Pfau Verlag. pp. 35–36. ISBN978-3-89727-192-0.
Fischer, Jens Malte (2013). "Con accento doloroso. Eine Annäherung an Allan Pettersson und an die 6. Sinfonie". In Tadday, Ulrich (ed.). Allan Pettersson, Musik-Konzepte (edition text+kritik) (in German). München: Richard Boorberg Verlag. pp. 40–52. ISBN978-3-86916-275-1.
Gülke, Peter (1989). "Ein Stück freien Himmels". In Im Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube (ed.). Allan Pettersson Jahrbuch. 1989 (in German). Saarbrücken: Pfau Verlag. pp. 78–84. ISBN978-3-89727-195-1.
Hanne, Krister (1995). "Allan Pettersson: Später Ruhm für einen Querkopf". Nordeuropa-Forum: Zeitschrift für Politik, Wirtschaft und Kultur. Vol. 5. Berlin: Berlin Verlag. pp. 41–43. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
Im Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube, ed. (1986b) [1986–2004]. Allan Pettersson Jahrbuch (in German). Saarbrücken: Pfau Verlag. OCLC186170367.
Keuk, Alexander (2013). "Festhalten und Loslassen. Zur Konstituierung einer kompositorischen Handschrift in der Musik von Allan Pettersson". In Tadday, Ulrich (ed.). Allan Pettersson, Musik-Konzepte (edition text+kritik) (in German). München: Richard Boorberg Verlag. pp. 23–39. ISBN978-3-86916-275-1.
Knust, Martin (2013). "Die Rezeption von Allan Petterssons Werk in Schweden und Deutschland: ein Vergleich". In Tadday, Ulrich (ed.). Allan Pettersson, Musik-Konzepte (edition text+kritik) (in German). München: Richard Boorberg Verlag. pp. 73–93. ISBN978-3-86916-275-1.
Krause, Andreas (1990). "Allan Petterssons Konzert für Violine und Streichquartett: Eine Studie zur Bartók Rezeption im Frühwerk". In Im Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube (ed.). Allan Pettersson Jahrbuch. 1990 (in German). Saarbrücken: Pfau Verlag. pp. 38–53. ISBN978-3-89727-196-8.
Kube, Michael, ed. (1994). Allan Pettersson (1911–1980): Texte—Materialien—Analysen (in German). Hamburg: Von Bockel Verlag. ISBN978-3-928770-30-9.
Kube, Michael (2013). "Då behöver man distansen [Da braucht man Distanz]. Biografie und Werk zwischen Selbstinszenierung und Reflexion". In Tadday, Ulrich (ed.). Allan Pettersson, Musik-Konzepte (edition text+kritik) (in German). München: Richard Boorberg Verlag. pp. 5–22. ISBN978-3-86916-275-1.
Meyer, Andreas K. W. (1990). "Allan Pettersson Werkverzeichnis (revidierter systematischer und chronologischer Katalog)". In Im Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube (ed.). Allan Pettersson Jahrbuch. 1990 (in German). Saarbrücken: Pfau Verlag. pp. 66–73. ISBN978-3-89727-196-8.
Nicolin, Mechthild, ed. (1994). Musik von Allan Pettersson: Konzerte 1994/95 und ein Symposion (in German). Wuppertal: Sekretariat für gemeinsame Kulturarbeit in Nordrhein-Westfalen. OCLC724739529.
Ollefs, Christian (1989). "Epilog (Subjektive Begegnung mit einem Phänomen)". In Im Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube (ed.). Allan Pettersson Jahrbuch. 1989 (in German). Saarbrücken: Pfau Verlag. pp. 49–51. ISBN978-3-89727-195-1.
Rapoport, Paul (1978). "Chapter V: Allan Pettersson and his Symphony No. 2". Opus est. Six composers from Northern Europe (1st ed.). London: Kahn & Averill. pp. 109–132. ISBN978-0-900707-48-3. (1985). (2nd ed.). New York: Taplinger. ISBN978-0-8008-5845-2.
Rapoport, Paul (1981). Allan Pettersson. Stockholm: Swedish Music Information Center. ISBN978-91-85470-36-5.
Stoïanova, Ivanka (1986). "Die Raum-Symphonik von Allan Pettersson". In Im Auftrag der Internationalen Allan-Pettersson-Gesellschaft von Michael Kube (ed.). Allan Pettersson Jahrbuch. 1986 (in German). Saarbrücken: Pfau Verlag. pp. 17–35. ISBN978-3-89727-192-0.
Tadday, Ulrich, ed. (2013). Allan Pettersson, Musik-Konzepte (edition text+kritik) (in German). München: Richard Boorberg Verlag. ISBN978-3-86916-275-1.
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Comics character Ms. MysticMs. Mystic sketch by Michael NetzerPublication informationPublisherPacific Comics, Continuity ComicsFirst appearanceCaptain Victory and the Galactic Rangers #3 (March 1982)Created byNeal AdamsIn-story informationAlter egoUnknownTeam affiliationsUrth 4AbilitiesSpellcasting, flight, ability to summon mystical sword of light, elemental powers Ms. Mystic is a comic book superhero created by comic book artist/writers Neal Adams and Michael Netzer.[1] The characte...
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Danish writer This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Johannes Jørgensen – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Jens Johannes JørgensenJørgensen about 1925Born(1866-11-06)6 November 1866Svendborg, DenmarkDied29 May 1956(1956-05-29...
1838 Connecticut gubernatorial election ← 1837 April 2, 1838 1839 → Nominee William W. Ellsworth Seth P. Beers Party Whig Democratic Popular vote 27,115 21,489 Percentage 54.14% 42.90% County results Ellsworth: 40–50% 50–60%Beers: 50–60% Governor before election Henry W. Edwards Democratic Elected Governor William W. Ellsworth Whig Elections in Connecticut Federal...
Off-road motorsport Mudding redirects here. For the online text-based games, see Mud (disambiguation). This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Mud bogging – news · n...
Third son of Adam and Eve This article is about the third son of Adam and Eve. For the Egyptian deity, see Set (deity). For other uses, see Seth (disambiguation). SethFresco of Forefather Sif (1378), by Theophanes the Greek, in the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior in Novgorod.PersonalBorn3874 (in Julian calendar) BC, 3670 (in Julian calendar) BC Died2962 (in Julian calendar) BC, 2758 (in Julian calendar) BC SpouseAzura ChildrenEnos, Noam ParentsAdam (fath...
Milk-like drink made from plant-based ingredients Plant milkCoconut milkTypeNon-dairy beverage and ingredientColorWhiteFlavorVarious; creamy textureIngredientsWater and a grain, pseudocereal, legume, nut, seed, or coconut Amazake, Japanese rice milk Plant milk is a plant beverage with a color resembling that of milk. Plant milks are non-dairy beverages made from a water-based plant extract for flavoring and aroma.[1][2] Plant milks are consumed as alternatives to dairy milk, a...