Alexander MacDonnell, 3rd Earl of Antrim

Alexander MacDonnell
Earl of Antrim
Tenure1683–1699
PredecessorRandal, 1st Marquess
SuccessorRandal, 4th Earl
Born1615
DiedJune 1699(1699-06-00) (aged 83–84)
BuriedHolywell, Flintshire, Wales
Spouse(s)
  • 1. Elizabeth Annesley
  • 2. Helena Burke
Issue
Detail		Randal & Mary
FatherRandal MacDonnell, 1st Earl
MotherAlice O'Neill

Alexander MacDonnell, 3rd Earl of Antrim PC (Ire) (1615 – June 1699) was a Catholic peer and military commander in Ireland. He fought together with his brother Randal on the losing side in the Irish Confederate Wars (1641–1653); and then, having succeeded his brother as the 3rd Earl of Antrim in 1683, fought in the Williamite War (1688–1691), on the losing side again. Twice he forfeited his lands and twice he regained them.

However, he may be known best for having been shut out of Derry by the apprentice boys in an episode preceding the Siege of Derry.

Birth and origins

Family tree
Alexander MacDonnell with his two wives, his parents, and other selected relatives.[a]
Sorley Boy
MacDonnell
d. 1590		Mary
O'Neill		Hugh
O'Neill
c. 1550 –
1616		Siobhan
O'Donnell
d. 1591
Randal
1st Earl
1769–1636		Alice
O'Neill
1583–1665
Randal
1st
Marquess
1609–1682		Elizabeth
Annesley
d. 1672		Alexander
3rd Earl
1615–1699		Helena
Burke
d. 1710
Randal
4th Earl
1680–1721		Rachel
Skeffington
d. 1739
Alexander
5th Earl
1713–1775		Anne
Plunket
d. 1755
Legend
XXXSubject of
the article		XXXEarls & marquesses
of Antrim

Alexander was born in 1615,[1] probably at Dunluce Castle, his parents' habitual residence. He was the second son of Randal MacDonnell and his wife, Alice O'Neill. His father, Lord of the Route[2] and Constable of Dunluce Castle, had been knighted by Lord Deputy Mountjoy in 1602.[3] His father would be created Viscount of Antrim in 1617 and advanced to Earl in 1620. His father's family, the MacDonnell of Antrim, were the Irish branch of the Scottish Clan Donald. The MacDonnels descended from the twelfth-century Scottish warlord Somerled and from Alexander MacDonald, 5th of Dunnyveg, a Scottish-Irish magnate, who was driven out of Scotland by James IV and fled to Ulster where the family was already established through marriages and owned much land in the north-eastern corner of Ireland facing Scotland across the North Channel. His Scottish lands were taken over by the rival Clan Campbell, although the MacDonalds continued to live there and looked towards the MacDonnell family for leadership. Recovering his Scottish lands remained an objective that his father pursued all his life without ever making any progress toward it.

Alexander's mother was described as "of good cheerful aspect, freckled, not tall but strong, well set, and acquainted with the English tongue."[4] She was born in 1583[5][6] as the daughter of Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, and his second wife, Siobhan (i.e. Johanna) O'Donnell.[7][8][9][b] She was thus a member of the O'Neill dynasty, an ancient Gaelic family, the leaders of which were once kings and ruled all of Ulster. However, her father had left Ireland in the Flight of the Earls in 1607 and was then attainted by the Irish Parliament, losing his title and lands.[10]

Alexander's parents were both Catholic. They had married in 1604 before the Flight of the Earls. He was one of eight siblings.[11][12] who are listed in his father's article.

Early life

On 28 May 1618 King James I of England created Alexander's father Viscount Dunluce[13] and in 1620 Earl of Antrim.[14]

Glenarm inheritance

On 10 December 1636 Alexander's father died at Dunluce Castle and was buried at the Bonamargy Franciscan Friary.[15][16] In his will he had divided his estate between his two sons. Alexander inherited the Barony of Glenarm,[17] whereas the elder, Randal, inherited the title and the larger share of the land, consisting of the baronies of Dunluce and Kilconway.[18] Alexander MacDonnell was precisely 21 at that time. He, therefore, entered immediately into the possession of his part of the estate.[19] He made Glenarm Castle on the east coast of County Antrim his residence.

Irish Wars

After coming of age, Alexander MacDonnell spent three years travelling in Europe on his grand tour.[20] He returned to Ireland just before the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641, in which he sided with the rebels and commanded a regiment in what would soon become the Confederate Ulster army.[21]

In November 1643 the Supreme Council appointed seven delegates, Muskerry, Alexander MacDonnell, Robert Talbot, Nicholas Plunkett, Dermot O'Brien, Geoffrey Browne, and Richard Martin,[22] to submit grievances to the king [23] and negotiate a peace treaty. In January 1644 they obtained save-conducts from the Lords Justice, Sir Henry Tichborne and John Borlase. It must have been their last days in office as Ormond was appointed and sworn lord lieutenant of Ireland on 21 January 1644.[24] The delegates arrived on 24 March 1644 at Oxford where the king held his court.[25] Lord Muskerry was the leader of the delegation.[26] He demanded free exercise of the Catholic religion, independence of the Irish Parliament from that of England, and oblivion for their rebellion.[27][28] However, the arrival of a competing Irish Protestant delegation on 17 April 1644 prevented the King from making such concessions and no peace treaty was signed.[29][30]

Colonel Alexander MacDonnell, as he now was, led the regiment throughout the Irish Confederate Wars until the Confederation surrendered to Cromwell in 1652. Unlike his brother Randal, Alexander respected and adhered to the peace between the Confederates and the Royalists negotiated by Ormond in 1648 and urged for a conciliatory approach. His lands were confiscated in 1652 in Cromwell's Act of Settlement[31] and distributed among Cromwellian soldiers. In exchange he received 3,500 acres in Connacht.[32] By 1656, he was living in England.

Restoration

At the Restoration in 1660, he was appointed custos rotulorum for Antrim. In 1668 Alexander MacDonnell was restored to his lands by Charles II.

Marriages

First marriage

In 1665, about 50 years old, MacDonnell married his first wife, Elizabeth Annesley. She was the second daughter of Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, a Protestant.[33][34] The union was childless. She died on 4 September 1672.[35][36]

Second marriage and children

After 1672 at the age of about 60, Antrim married, secondly, Helena Burke, daughter of Sir John Burke of Derrymaclaughna (Doire-mic-Lachtna), County Galway.[37]

Alexander and Helena had two children (the birth order is unknown):

  • Randal (1680–1721), succeeded as the 4th Earl;[38]
  • Mary, married Henry Wells of Bambridge in 1700.[39]

Earl of Antrim

On 3 February 1683 his only brother, Randal, died childless. Randal had married twice, but both marriages were childless.[40] The marquessate became extinct and Randal was therefore the first and last Marquess of Antrim of the 1645 creation. Alexander succeeded him in the earldom as the 3rd Earl of Antrim.[41]

In 1685, Lord Antrim, as he was now, was invested as a Privy Counsellor[42] and Lord-Lieutenant of Antrim shortly after the accession of King James II, as the new king followed a policy of replacing Protestant officials with Catholic ones throughout Ireland.

Williamite War

Main article: Williamite War in Ireland

At the outbreak of the Glorious Revolution, which replaced James II with William of Orange, Antrim was already in his seventies. He stayed loyal to James. When the Dutch invasion threatened, James ordered Richard Talbot, Earl of Tyrconnell, whom James had appointed viceroy of Ireland, to send reliable Irish troops to England. These units sailed to Chester in September and early October 1688.[43] To replace these units, Tyrconnell ordered four new regiments to be raised, one for each Irish province. The Ulster regiment was to be raised by Antrim. He hired 1,200 Scottish mercenaries (i.e. redshanks), making sure they were all Catholics. The unit was supposed to be ready on 20 November, but delays occurred.

At that time Tyrconnell's remodelling of the Irish army had advanced so far that few units still had significant numbers of Protestant soldiers. One of those was the regiment of Viscount Mountjoy, a Protestant loyal to James. This unit was in the garrison at Derry. Tyrconnell considered this unit unreliable and on 23 November he ordered Mountjoy to march to Dublin, supposedly for embarking to England.[44] Mountjoy's regiment was to be replaced by Antrim's,[45] but that was not ready and Derry found itself without a garrison.

When Antrim finally got his troops on the way, he met Colonel George Philips, a Protestant, at Newtown Limavady, who immediately sent a messenger to Derry to warn the city. On 7 December 1688, with Antrim's regiment on the Waterside of Derry, ready to cross the Foyle River under the Ferryquay Gate,[46] thirteen apprentices seized the city keys and locked the gates.[47][48] With this Derry was in rebellion against Tyrconnell and James. Antrim was not strong enough to take the town by force and retreated to Coleraine.

MacDonnell's residence Glenarm Castle in County Antrim as it looks today.

When Tyrconnell heard that Antrim had been kept out of Derry, he stopped Mountjoy on his march to Dublin and sent him back to Derry. On 21 December Mountjoy reached Derry and struck a deal with the city, according to which two of his companies, consisting entirely of Protestant soldiers, would be let into town.[49] The one was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Lundy, the other by Captain William Stewart.[c] Both later swore allegiance to William. Mountjoy appointed Lundy as governor of the town in place of Philips.

Antrim sat in the House of Lords of James II's Patriot Parliament in Dublin.[50]

James lost the Williamite War in Ireland with the fall of Limerick in 1691. Antrim, as a supporter of James, was one of the losers. Peace was signed with the Treaty of Limerick according to which all the members of the Irish landed gentry having served in the Jacobite Army who did not immediately swear allegiance to William and Mary would forfeit their title and lands. Antrim seems to have missed his chance in 1691 and not have sworn allegiance to William immediately after the signing of the treaty. However, he seems to have obtained a pardon at a later stage and did regain possession of his lands.[51]

Death, succession, and timeline

Alexander MacDonnell, 3rd Earl of Antrim, died in June 1699 and was buried at Holywell, Flintshire, Wales.[52][53][54][d] He was succeeded by his son Randal as the 4th Earl of Antrim.[52]

Timeline
As only the year, but not the day, of his birth is known, all the ages could be a year younger than given.
Age Date Event
0 1615 Born.[1]
2–3 1618, 28 May Father created Viscount Dunluce.[13]
4–5 1620, 12 Dec Father created Earl of Antrim.[14]
9–10 1625, 27 Mar Accession of King Charles I, succeeding King James I[55]
20–21 1636, 10 Dec His father died at Dunluce Castle, and he inherited Glenarm.
25–26 1641, 23 Oct Outbreak of the Rebellion[56]
33–34 1649, 30 Jan King Charles I beheaded.[57]
44–45 1660, 29 May Restoration of King Charles II[58]
49–50 1665 Married as 1st wife Elizabeth Annesley.[33][36]
56–57 1672, 4 Sep 1st wife died.[36]
59–60 1675 estimate Married 2ndly Helena Burke, daughter of Sir John Burke of Derrymaclaughna, County Galway.[37]
64–65 1680 Son Randal born.[38]
67–68 1683, 3 Feb Succeeded his only brother as the 3rd Earl of Antrim.[41]
69–70 1685, 6 Feb Accession of King James II, succeeding King Charles II[59]
69–70 1685 Became a member of the Privy Council of Ireland.[42]
72–73 1688, 7  Dec Shut out of Derry by the 13 apprentices.[48]
73–74 1689, 13 Feb Accession of William and Mary, succeeding King James II[60]
73–74 1689, 12 Mar King James II landed at Kinsale, Ireland[61]
83–84 1699, June Died and was succeeded by his only son.[d]

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ Also see the lists of children in the text.
  2. ^ In the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), Dunlop (1898) claims that Alice is a daughter of Hugh's fourth wife, but this seems impossible as her birth date falls into the time of Hugh's second marriage.[8] In the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, an update to the DNB, Canny (2004) mentions neither Alice nor Randall MacDonnell.[9]
  3. ^ William Stewart was the grandfather of the first Marquess of Londonderry.
  4. ^ a b Authors agree that the 3rd earl died in 1699, but differ on the month and day: 10 December[52] or June.[53][54] The latter is preferred.

Citations

  1. ^ a b Lodge 1789, p. 211. "Alexander, the third earl of Antrim, was born in the year 1615 ..."
  2. ^ Cokayne 1910, p. 174, line 16. "Randal Mac Sorley Mac Donnell of Dunluce, County Antrim, 2nd but 1st surv. s. [surviving son] and h. [heir] of Sorley Boy Mac Donnell, Lord of the Route ..."
  3. ^ Cokayne 1910, p. 174, line 21. "He was knighted, 13 May 1602 by the Lord Deputy Mountjoy ..."
  4. ^ Webb 1878, p. 416, right column, line 23. as quoted
  5. ^ Webb 1878, p. [ 416, right column, line 20]. "Hugh's daughter Alice, born in 1583, married Sir Randal MacDonnell (1st Earl of Antrim)."
  6. ^ Cokayne 1910, p. 174, line 34. "[Alice] was living 19 Aug. 1663, and then aged 80."
  7. ^ Cokayne 1910, p. 174, line 29. "He [the 1st Earl] m. 1604 Alice, da. of Hugh (O'Neill), Earl of Tyrone [I. [Ireland]] by his 2nd wife, Johanna, da. of Hugh McManus O'Donnell"
  8. ^ a b Dunlop 1895, p. 196, right column, line 4. "She [Hugh's 4th wife] was the mother of ... several daughters, one of whom married Sir Randal MacDonnell, first earl of Antrim ..."
  9. ^ a b Canny 2004, p. 839, left column, line 19. "Dungannon [i.e. Hugh] formed further strategic alliances within Gaelic Ulster by negotiating marriages for ... his various daughters ..."
  10. ^ Meehan 1870, p. 402. "But the grand object for which this parliament met was not achieved till October 1614, when Sir John Everard ... brought in a bill for confiscating the vast territories of the fugitive earls ..."
  11. ^ Debrett 1828, p. 688, line 31. "... Randal, 2nd earl, who was advanced to the dignity of marquess of Antrim on account to his loyalty to King Charles I. 1644;"
  12. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 115, right column, line 53. "His Lordship [the 1st Earl] m. [married] 1604, Alice, dau. [daughter] of Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, and had issue ..."
  13. ^ a b Cokayne 1910, p. 174, line 23. "On 28 May 1618 he was cr. Viscount Dunluce, County Antrim [I. [Ireland]] ..."
  14. ^ a b Cokayne 1910, p. 174, line 25. "... on 12 Dec. 1620 he [Randal McSorley] was cr. [created] Earl of Antrim [I. [Ireland]] ..."
  15. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 115, right column, line 68. "The [1st] Earl d. [died] 10 Dec. 1636, and was s. succeeded by his elder son ..."
  16. ^ Hill 1873, p. 246, line 9. "He died at Dunluce at the 10th of December, 1636, and his body, after lying for some time in state, was buried in the vault which he had built at Bunnamairge in 1621 ..."
  17. ^ Hill 1873, p. 247. "His younger son, Alexander, was bequeathed the barony of Glenarm,"
  18. ^ Hill 1873, p. 246, line 24. "His elder son, Randal, got the baronies of Dunluce and Kilconway,"
  19. ^ Hill 1873, p. 352, line 2. "This nobleman [Alexander], who was born in 1615, had exactly come of age at the date of his father's death in 1636."
  20. ^ Hill 1873, p. 212. "... travelled into France, Germany, Italy and other places ..."
  21. ^ Cokayne 1910, p. 175, line 28. "He commanded a regiment of Irish in 1641 ..."
  22. ^ Bagwell 1909, p. 64, line 19. "The persons chosen were Lord Muskerry, Antrim's brother Alexander Macdonnell, Sir Robert Talbot, Nicholas Plunkett, Dermot O'Brien, Geoffrey Browne, and Richard Martin."
  23. ^ Meehan 1882, p. 99. "... Muskerry, MacDonnell, Plunket, Sir Robert Talbot, Dermid O'Brien, Richard Martin, and Severinus Browne, formed the deputation, which reached Oxford at the beginning of April, when they laid before his majesty a statement of grievances ..."
  24. ^ Barnard 2004, p. 156, left column. "Ormond was rewarded by being named by the king as lord lieutenant, and was sworn on 21 January 1644."
  25. ^ Bagwell 1909, p. 64, line 26. "They landed in Cornwall and reached Oxford on March 24 [1644]."
  26. ^ Gardiner 1886, p. 393. "... Muskerry, the principal personage among the Irish agents ..."
  27. ^ Gardiner 1886, p. 392. "... asked for complete liberty for the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland, and for complete independence of the Irish parliament."
  28. ^ Corish 1976, p. 311, line 18. "An act of oblivion for all offences committed ..."
  29. ^ Corish 1976, p. 311, line 9. "When this Protestant delegation arrived in Oxford on 17 April [1644] ..."
  30. ^ Bagwell 1909, p. 64, line 27. "As soon as it was known in Ireland that the King would be likely to receive the Confederate agents, the more zealous Protestants began to prepare for a counter-mission. Charles expressed himself ready to hear both sides."
  31. ^ Cokayne 1910, p. 175, line 29. "... was attainted by Cromwell but restored in 1660."
  32. ^ Hill 1873, p. 352. "his lands were set out to adventurers and soldiers, he receiving 3,500 acres in Connaught."
  33. ^ a b Ó Siochrú 2009, 3rd paragraph, 1st sentence. "In 1665 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Arthur Annesley, 1st earl of Anglesey"
  34. ^ Burke 1866, p. 7, left column, line 38. "II. Elizabeth m. [married] to the hon. Alexander MacDonnell, 2nd son of the Earl of Antrim."
  35. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 115, right column, line 84. "His lordship [the 3rd Earl] m. [married] 1st Elizabeth Annesley, 2nd dau. [daughter] of Arthur, 1st Earl of Anglesey, by whom (who d. [died] 4 Sept. 1672) he had no issue."
  36. ^ a b c Cokayne 1910, p. 175, last line: "He, m. [married] 1stly, Elizabeth, 2nd da. [daughter] of Arthur (Annesley) 1st Earl of Anglesey, by Elizabeth, da. and h. of Sir James Altham. She d. s.p. [died without issue], 4 Sep. 1672, and was bur. [buried] in St. John's Church, Dublin."
  37. ^ a b Burke & Burke 1915, p. 115, right column, line 85. "He [the 3rd Earl] m. [married] 2ndly Helena 3rd dau. [daughter] of Sir John Burke, Knt. of DerryMaclaghtry, County Galway, by whom (who d. [died] 7 Oct. 1710) he had issue."
  38. ^ a b Burke & Burke 1915, p. 116, left column, line 1. "Randal, 4th Earl of Antrim, b. [born] 1680, m. [married] Hon. Rachel, eldest dau. of Clotworthy, Viscount Massereene, and by her (who re-m. Robert Hawkins Magill, of Gill Hall, County Down and d. 1739) had issue ..."
  39. ^ Lodge 1789, p. 212. "... one daughter, Mary, married in August 1700, to Henry Wells, of Bambridge, in the county of Southhampton, Esq., nephew to the late Lord Chancellor Wyndham."
  40. ^ Debrett 1828, p. 688. "... [Randal MacDonnell] was twice married but d. [died] without issue 3 Feb. 1682."
  41. ^ a b Burke & Burke 1915, p. 115, right column, line 76. "He [the 1st Marquess] d. [died] 3 Feb. 1682, when the marquessate expired, but the other honours devolved on his brother ..."
  42. ^ a b Cokayne 1910, p. 175, line 30. "P. C. 1685."
  43. ^ Childs 2007, p. 3, line 14. "To strengthen his forces in the face of the Dutch threat, James ordered the better elements of the Irish Army into England. One regiment of dragoons, a battalion of Foot Guards, and Anthony Hamilton's and Lord Forbes's battalions of line infantry, a total of 2,964 men, sailed to Chester during September and early October."
  44. ^ Childs 2007, p. 3, line 23. "Tyrconnell, on the other hand, did not want an unreliable battalion in such a key post so, on 23 November, he ordered it to England via Dublin."
  45. ^ Macaulay 1855, pp. 143–144. "a regiment of twelve hundred Papists commanded by a Papist, Alexander Macdonnell, Earl of Antrim, had received orders from the Lord Deputy to occupy Londonderry."
  46. ^ Graham 1841, p. 268. "He was in the seventy-fourth year of his age when he appeared with his regiment at the waterside of Derry on the 7 December, 1688."
  47. ^ Macaulay 1855, p. 145. "seized the keys of the city, rushed to the Ferryquay Gate, closed it in the face of the King's officers, and let down the portcullis."
  48. ^ a b Joyce 1903, p. 213. "Lord Antrim marched to take possession of Derry; but while the aldermen and magistrates were hesitating, a few of the bolder young apprentices seizing the keys, locked the town gates on the 7th of December 1688, and shut out Antrim and his Jacobite forces."
  49. ^ Witherow 1879, p. 199. "in pursuance of an arrangement with Mountjoy of the 21st of December, the citizens of Derry had admitted a part of his regiment to garrison their town."
  50. ^ Cokayne 1910, p. 175. "He sat in the Irish Parl. of James II, 7 May 1689."
  51. ^ Hill 1873, p. 358. "... suffered forfeiture as an adherent of James II. He had now become old and was comparably unable to wrestle with the difficulties of his position, but he persevered in his efforts to regain the family estates, and was eventually fortunate in getting his case included in the articles of Limerick."
  52. ^ a b c Burke & Burke 1915, p. 115, right column, last line. "The [3rd] Earl d. [died] 10 Dec. 1699 and was s. [succeeded] by his only son ..."
  53. ^ a b Cokayne 1910, p. 176, line 5. "He was bur. [buried] at Holywell, co. Flint, 11 June 1699, aged 84."
  54. ^ a b Ó Siochrú 2009, last paragraph, last sentence. "Antrim died in Holywell, Wales, in June 1699 ..."
  55. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 16. "Charles I. ... acc. 27 Mar. 1625 ..."
  56. ^ Warner 1768, p. 6. "... the twenty-third October [1641] ... seized all the towns, castles, and houses belonging to the Protestants which they had force enough to possess;"
  57. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 17. "Charles I. ... exec. 30 Jan. 1649 ..."
  58. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 39. "Charles II. ... acc. 29 May 1660 ..."
  59. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 46. "James II. ... acc. 6 Feb. 1685 ..."
  60. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 11. "William III. ... acc. 13 Feb. 1689 ..."
  61. ^ Witherow 1879, p. 55, line 21. "On Tuesday the 12th of March, King James arrived at Kinsale from France ..."

Sources

Peerage of Ireland
Preceded by Earl of Antrim
1682–1699 		Succeeded by

Read other articles:

Mitie

British strategic outsourcing and energy services company Mitie Group PLCCompany typePublicTraded asLSE: MTOFTSE 250 componentIndustryFacilities ManagementFounded1987HeadquartersLondon, United KingdomKey peopleDerek Mapp, Chairman Phil Bentley, CEORevenue £4,055.1 million (2023)[1]Operating income £162.1 million (2023)[1]Net income £91.1 million (2023)[1]Number of employees64,000 (2024)[2]Websitewww.mitie.com/ Mitie Group PLC (pronounced mighty) is a Br...

 

 

Toska

Toska Warna toska bisa ditemukan secara alami pada batu Pirus     Koordinat warnaTriplet hex#40E0D0sRGBB    (r, g, b)(64, 224, 208)CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(71, 0, 7, 12)HSV       (h, s, v)(174°, 71%, 88[1]%)SumberWarna web X11B: Dinormalkan ke [0–255] (bita)H: Dinormalkan ke [0–100] (ratusan) Toska (Inggris: Turquoise) adalah suatu corak warna perpaduan antara hijau yang sedikit kebiru-biruan. Warna ini merupakan warna lautan atau ...

 

 

Grigory Rapota

Russian politician This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Grigory Rapota – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) ...

Guido Sforza Gonzaga

Questa voce sugli argomenti militari italiani e nobili italiani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. A questa voce o sezione va aggiunto il template sinottico {{Militare}} Puoi aggiungere e riempire il template secondo le istruzioni e poi rimuovere questo avviso. Se non sei in grado di riempirlo in buona parte, non fare nulla; non inserire template vuoti. Guido Sforza Gon...

 

 

Paulo Sérgio Rosa

Viola Nazionalità  Brasile Altezza 179[1] cm Peso 80[1] kg Calcio Ruolo Attaccante Termine carriera 2016 Carriera Squadre di club1 1988-1989 Corinthians32 (5)[2]1990 São José10 (1)1991 Olímpia0 (0)[3]1992-1995 Corinthians59 (20)[4]1995-1996 Valencia30 (10)1996-1997 Palmeiras36 (14)[5]1998-1999 Santos28 (21)[6]1999-2000 Vasco da Gama35 (8)[7]2001 Santos24 (12)2002-2004 Ga...

 

 

Minnesang

Middle High German love song tradition This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Walther von der Vogelweide (Codex Manesse, ca. 1300) Part of a series onMedieval music Overview Composers  / Instruments / Theory (Theorists) Movements and s...

Djeseretnebti

Djeseretnebti dalam hieroglif Djeseret-ankh-Nebti Ḏsr.t-ˁnḫ-Nb.tj Djeseretnebti (atau Djeseret-Ankh-Nebti) diduga adalah nama seorang ratu Mesir Kuno. Karena nama ini muncul tanpa gelar ratu, para ahli Mesir membantah arti sebenarnya dan pembacaan nama ini.[1] Bukti Label kain gading dari kompleks Sekhemkhet dengan nama Nebti yang kontroversial (kanan)[2] Nama Djeseret-Nebti atau Djeseret-Ankh-Nebti muncul pada label kain gading, ditemukan di galeria bawah tanah di bawah ...

 

 

大字 (数字)

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています（詳細）。 数字の大字（だいじ）は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字（小字）の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券（「壱」が大字） 弐千円日本銀行券（「弐」が大字） 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

 

 

Carlo De Benedetti

Italian industrialist, engineer, and publisher (born 1934) You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian. (October 2011) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Italian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply...

安倍晋太郎

安倍晋太郎安倍晋太郎（攝於1987年4月21日） 日本第112、113任外務大臣任期1982年11月27日—1986年7月22日总理中曾根康弘前任櫻内義雄继任倉成正 日本第42任通商產業大臣任期1981年11月30日—1982年11月27日总理鈴木善幸前任田中六助（日语：田中六助）继任山中貞則 日本第41任内閣官房長官任期1977年11月28日—1978年12月7日总理福田赳夫前任園田直继任田中六助（日语�...

 

 

Aveline de Grandpré

Assassin's Creed character Fictional character Aveline de GrandpréAssassin's Creed characterFirst appearanceAssassin's Creed III: Liberation (2012)Created byUbisoft SofiaPortrayed byAmber GoldfarbIn-universe informationOriginNew Orleans, French Louisiana, New FranceNationalityFrench Aveline de Grandpré is a fictional character in Ubisoft's Assassin's Creed video game franchise. She first appears as the protagonist of Assassin's Creed III: Liberation, a spin-off installment originally releas...

 

 

Філософія

Частина серії проФілософіяLeft to right: Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Confucius, AverroesПлатонКантНіцшеБуддаКонфуційАверроес Філософи Епістемологи Естетики Етики Логіки Метафізики Соціально-політичні філософи Традиції Аналітична Арістотелівська Африканська Близькосхідна іранська Буддій�...

NGC 767

NGC 767   الكوكبة قيطس  رمز الفهرس NGC 767 (الفهرس العام الجديد)KUG 0156-098PGC 7483 (فهرس المجرات الرئيسية)2MASX J01585082-0935136 (Two Micron All-Sky Survey, Extended source catalogue)6dFGS gJ015850.8-093514 (6dF Galaxy Survey)NVSS J015850-093515 (NRAO VLA Sky Survey)SDSS J015850.79-093513.6 (مسح سلون الرقمي للسماء)SDSS J015850.79-093513.7 (مسح سلون الرقمي للسماء)2MFGC 1508 (2MASS Flat G...

 

 

The Fryer's Delight

Fish and chip shop in London 51°31′13″N 0°07′02″W / 51.520379°N 0.117329°W / 51.520379; -0.117329 The Fryer's DelightFounded1958[1]FounderGiovanni and Giuseppe Ferdenzi[2]Number of locationsTheobald's Road, LondonProductsfish and chips The Fryer's Delight is a fish and chip shop in the Bloomsbury district of London, England.[3] It was started by Italian brothers, Giovanni and Giuseppe Ferdenzi, who came from Piacenza and worked t...

 

 

نادي فرنسا

نادي فرنسا تأسس عام 1900  البلد فرنسا  المدرب هيلينيو هيريرا (1 يوليو 1945–30 يونيو 1948)  الموقع الرسمي الموقع الرسمي  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   نادي ملعب فرنسا لكرة القدم (بالفرنسية: Stade Français Football)‏ نادي كرة قدم فرنسي .[1][2][3] يقع مقره في ضاحية فاكريسون الباريسي...

Tasmanian Devil (Looney Tunes)

Tasmanian Devil, karakter Looney Tunes Tasmanian Devil adalah sebuah karakter dari seri kartun Looney Tunes, yang berasal dari Amerika Serikat. Karakter ini diciptakan oleh Robert McKimson dan Sid Marcus. Tasmanian Devil mengambarkan seekor Setan tasmania yang iseng dan mengibulin orang lain. Kadang bertingkah laku yang aneh-aneh, bahkan juga sering menggerogoti dan menelan barang berukuran lebih kecil dari mulutnya. Kemampuan luar biasanya adalah berputar di tempat. Dijuluki Taz dan tampil d...

 

 

Kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2024

Kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2024Informasi turnamenJadwalpenyelenggaraan23 Maret 2023 – 26 Maret 2024Jumlahtim peserta53Statistik turnamenJumlahpertandingan239Jumlah gol690 (2,89 per pertandingan)Jumlahpenonton5.311.891 (22.225 per pertandingan)Pencetak golterbanyak Romelu Lukaku(14 gol)← 2020 2028 → Kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2024 adalah kompetisi sepak bola yang mulai 23 Maret 2023 hingga 26 Maret 2024 untuk menentukan 23 tim nasional pria anggota UEFA yang...

 

 

Carlo Antonio Rambaldi

Questa voce o sezione sugli argomenti incisori e pittori italiani non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Carlo Antonio Rambaldi (Bologna, 4 novembre 1680 – Taro (fiume), 16 ottobre 1717) è stato un pittore e incisore italiano. Biografia SS. Domenico e Francesco, 1716 ca. Ha studiato con Domeni...

Championnats du monde de basket-ball en fauteuil roulant

IWBF World ChampionshipsChampionnats du monde de basket-ball en fauteuil roulant Généralités Sport Basket-ball en fauteuil roulant Création 19731990 Organisateur(s) International Wheelchair Basketball Federation Catégorie Mondiale Périodicité Tous les 4 ans (depuis 1986) Participants 16 nations (depuis 2014) 12 nations (depuis 2014) Palmarès Tenant du titre Grande-Bretagne Pays-Bas Plus titré(s) États-Unis (6) Canada (5) Pour la dernière compétition voir : Championnat d...

 

 

Ari Fahrial Syam

Artikel ini memiliki beberapa masalah. Tolong bantu memperbaikinya atau diskusikan masalah-masalah ini di halaman pembicaraannya. (Pelajari bagaimana dan kapan saat yang tepat untuk menghapus templat pesan ini) Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Ari Fahrial Syam – be...