Ahirwati

Not to be confused with the Ahirani and Ahiri dialects, spoken in other parts of India.
Ahirwati
Native toIndia
RegionAhirwal
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Approximate location where Ahirwati is spoken
Approximate location where Ahirwati is spoken
Ahirwati
Coordinates: 28°18′N 76°30′E / 28.3°N 76.5°E / 28.3; 76.5

Ahirwati (Ahīrvāṭī, sometimes also known as Hīrwāṭī)[1] is an Indo-Aryan dialect of India. It is spoken within the Ahirwal region located to the south-west of the capital Delhi. It belongs to the Rajasthani language group and is commonly taken to be a dialect of Mewati,[2] but in many respects it is intermediate with the neighbouring varieties of Bangru and Bagri, and is especially close to Shekhawati.[3]

There are no reliable census figures for the number of speakers.[4] In the past it was variously written in either Devanagari, Gurmukhi, or the Perso-Arabic script.[5]

A peculiar feature of the grammar of Ahirwati is the use of the same postposition to mark both the agent (in certain tenses) and the object.[6]

Geographic distribution

Map
About OpenStreetMaps
Maps: terms of use
75km
50miles
Behror
Behror
Bawal
Bawal
Najafgarh
Najafgarh
Jhajjar
Jhajjar
Sohna
Sohna
Loharu
Loharu
Haryana and surrounding areas with some of the locations mentioned in this section. Places where Ahirwati is spoken are in dark red.

Ahirwati is spoken mostly in the south of Haryana. At its maximal extent, its territory extends from Loharu in the west to Sohna in the east, and from Jhajjar and Najafgarh in the north to Bawal and Narnaul to Behror in the south. It encompasses partially or fully the districts of Mahendragarh, Jhajjar, Rewari, and Gurgaon, as well as the areas of Taoru in Nuh district (all in Haryana), Behror, Mundawar (in the district of Alwar, Rajasthan), Kotputli (in the district of Jaipur, Rajasthan), Najafgarh (in Delhi), and additionally an enclave further to the north in the region of Hansi, in Hisar district.[7]

Ahirwati's neighbouring dialects are Bangru and Bagri to the north, Shekhawati and Torawati to the west, and Mewati to the south.[8]

References

  1. ^ Grierson (1908), p. 49.
  2. ^ Masica (1991), p. 422; Grierson (1908), p. 49; Yadav (c. 1979).
  3. ^ Yadav (c. 1979), pp. 199–200; Grierson (1908); Sharma (c. 1979), p. 274.
  4. ^ Yadav (c. 1979), p. 202.
  5. ^ Yadav (c. 1979), p. 200.
  6. ^ Yadav (c. 1979), pp. 208–9.
  7. ^ According to Yadav (c. 1979, pp. 197, 202); but see also Sharma (c. 1979, p. 274) as well as the map at the start of the volume.
  8. ^ According to Yadav (c. 1979, p. 198); he additionally lists Braj Bhasha as an eastern neighbour, but this appears to be contradicted by the other chapters in the volume (e.g. Sharma (c. 1979)), which present Mewati as intervening between Ahirwati and Braj.

Bibliography

  • Grierson, George A. (1908). Linguistic Survey of India. Vol. IX Indo-Aryan family. Central group, Part 2, Specimens of the Rājasthāni and Gujarāti. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. pp. 49–51.
  • Masica, Colin P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-23420-7.
  • Sharma, Ishwari Prasad (c. 1979). "Mevātī". In Sharada, Sadhu Ram (ed.). Hariyāṇā kī upabhāṣāeṃ (in Hindi). Chandigarh: Bhasha Vibhag. pp. 271–336.
  • Yadav, Shankar Lal (c. 1979). "Ahīrvāṭī". In Sharada, Sadhu Ram (ed.). Hariyāṇā kī upabhāṣāeṃ (in Hindi). Chandigarh: Bhasha Vibhag. pp. 193–269.