Agadir Oufla

Kasbah of Agadir Oufla
قصبة أكادير أوفلا
Map
LocationAgadir
Beginning date16th century
Restored date2020

The Kasbah of Agadir Oufla[1] (Tashelhit: ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ, Agadir Uflla) is a historical landmark in Agadir, Morocco that housed the old city of Agadir, much of which was affected by the earthquake that struck the city. The fort is located on the top of a mountain rising 236 meters above sea level in the north of the town of Agadir near the current port.[2]

Name

Agadir Oufla[3] is the local name of the Kasbah of Agadir. The word "Agadir" means "fort",[4] and "Oufla" is an Amazigh word meaning "above".[5] Agadir Ofla, therefore, implies the fortress at the top.

History

It is not clear if there was any settlement in the place before the 16th century.[6] Prior to the fortification of the site by the Sa'dis, the Portuguese nobleman João Lopes de Sequeira occupied the area in 1505.[7][8][9][10] He built a wooden castle at the foot of a hill[8] and a Portuguese colony named Santa Cruz do Cabo do Gué was created.[10] The castle was later bought by the King of Portugal in 1513.[8] Their presence elicited growing hostility from the local population of the Sous, until in 1540 the Sa'di sultan Muhammad al-Shaykh occupied the main hill above the city and installed artillery to prepare an attack on the Portuguese fortress below. The siege began in February 1541 and was successfully concluded in March.[8] The site was then left unoccupied for years until Muhammad's successor, Abdallah al-Ghalib (r. 1557–1574), built a new fortress on the hilltop.[2][8]

The Kasbah was destroyed for the first time in November 1755 during Lisbon earthquake,[11] and again in 1960, during the Agadir earthquake.

The Kasbah underwent a major restoration in 2002.[12] The restoration has been criticized by one scholar, in particular for its use of materials that obscure the form of the buildings before the reconstruction.[12] The Kasbah was renovated again in 2020 under the instructions of King Mohammed VI.[13][14][15] On 8 September 2023, an earthquake struck the kasbah, which led to damages.[16]

Components of the fort before the 1960 earthquake

The fortress of the Kasbah of Agadir Ouflla before the earthquake consisted of:[citation needed]

  • The outer wall is supported by towers and has a twisted door designed for defensive purposes.
  • Great Mosque.
  • Hospital.
  • Treasury and postal building
  • Houses, alleys and junior yards.
  • Mallah, a Jewish neighborhood
  • Shrines, the most important one is the mausoleum of Sidi Boudjemaa Agnaou.
  • Mausoleum of Lala Yamna
  • Lighting walls Agadir Kasbah night
    Lighting walls Agadir Kasbah night
  • View from the hill to the port of Agadir
    View from the hill to the port of Agadir
  • View from the Kasbah of Agadir Oufla
    View from the Kasbah of Agadir Oufla
  • Agadir Kasbah Walls
    Agadir Kasbah Walls
  • Back of the walls of Agadir Oufella
    Back of the walls of Agadir Oufella

References

  1. ^ "Agadir Ofellah (The Kasbah) | Sites & Monuments of Agadir". Retrieved 2019-11-20.
  2. ^ a b "History of Agadir". Maroc for Ever.
  3. ^ France, PASS Technologie, 26, rue Louis Braille, 75012 Paris. "Kasba d'Agadir Ighir (Oufella)". idpc.ma (in French). Archived from the original on 2020-07-05. Retrieved 2019-11-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ K. Naït-Zerrad, 2002. Dictionnaire des racines berbères, Ḍ-G, Louvain Peeters, p. 734.
  5. ^ Dardar, Jihad. "The Resurrection of Agadir Oufella, a Lost Moroccan Landmark". MWN - Morocco World News, Sep. 13, 2020.
  6. ^ "Agadir-Ighir". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.
  7. ^ "Agadir | Morocco | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-12-18.
  8. ^ a b c d e Tourneau, Roger le (1960). "Agadir-Ighir". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 244–245. OCLC 495469456.
  9. ^ Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (1987). A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. Cambridge University Press. pp. 207–208. ISBN 978-1-316-58334-0.
  10. ^ a b Newitt, Malyn (2004). A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400–1668. Routledge. pp. 35–36, 66. ISBN 978-1-134-55304-4.
  11. ^ Rayhan, Uddin (11 September 2023). "Four other times Morocco was struck by deadly earthquakes". MEE - Middle East Eye.
  12. ^ a b Nassir, M. (2020). "A Look at the Erroneous Restoration of the Historical Kasbah of Agadir, Morocco". Research Gate, (from The International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2020. pp.1111-1115.).
  13. ^ Dardar, Jihad. "The Resurrection of Agadir Oufella, a Lost Moroccan Landmark". Morocco World News. p. 1.
  14. ^ "بعد ترميمها .. "أكادير أوفلا" تستعد للافتتاح وولوج القصبة يودع المجانية". al3omk.com (in Arabic). 2023-05-24. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
  15. ^ أكادير 24 (2023-05-26). "قصبة "أكادير أوفلا" تستعد لاستقبال زوارها بعد انتهاء أشغال الترميم". أكادير24 | Agadir24 (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-09-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Metz, Sam. "Powerful earthquake strikes Morocco, killing hundreds". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2023-09-09.