These are annual plants, sometimes from rhizomes. The taller species reach about 80 centimeters in maximum height. The flat leaves are linear to narrowly lance-shaped, and are up to 15 centimeters long and one wide. The inflorescence is a spike with 2 to 12 solitary spikelets each up to 1.2 centimeters long. Some spikelets have one or three awns, and some have none.[8][11][12][13]
Genus Aegilops has played an important role in the taxonomy of wheat. The familiar common wheat (Triticum aestivum) arose when cultivated emmer wheat hybridized with Aegilops tauschii about 8,000 years ago.[14][15][16]Aegilops and Triticum are genetically similar, as evidenced by their ability to hybridize, and by the presence of Aegilops in the evolutionary heritage of many Triticum taxa.[12]Aegilops is sometimes treated within Triticum. They are maintained as separate genera by most authorities because of their ecological characteristics,[12] and because when united they do not form a monophyletic group (the lowest common class will need to include some other genera).[16][17]
Ecology
Some Aegilops are known as weeds. A. cylindrica, which is commonly known as jointed goatgrass, infests wheat fields, where it outcompetes wheat plants, reducing yields. Its seeds mix with wheat grains at harvest, lowering the quality of the crop. It can also harbor pests such as the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) and pathogenicfungi. Other Aegilops are weeds of rangeland and wildland habitat.[18]
Prehistoric wild food source
During the Mesolithic era, nomadic peoples found goatgrasses (Aegilops) growing wild, along with wild wheats and barleys, and harvested them using bone sickles inset with sharp flakes of flint. The harvested plants were left to dry for a few days, then the edible grains were separated out from the rest of the plant material by beating the plants with a wooden flail, or by rolling them against a hard surface. The seeds were then carefully singed in the embers of a fire to burn away the remaining non-edible plant material. Some grains were accidentally burnt, and since the charred grains do not biodegrade some have been found by modern archeologists.[19]
Etymology
Look up aegilops or Aegilops in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
The genus name Aegilops is botanical Latin and comes from the Ancient Greekαἰγίλωψ (aigílōps), which is of uncertain origin. If the word is from αἴγιλος (aígilos, “goat”) + -ωψ (-ōps, "eye; looking like"), it could mean "goatlike herb", "a herb liked by goats", or perhaps "a grass similar to that liked by goats".[8] On the other hand, it also referred to some species of oak, and since it resembles the Proto-Indo-European word for "oak", *h₂eyǵ-, this could be the source instead. In any case, it may be from the Pre-Greek substratum language.[20]
The word aegilops is claimed to be the longest word in the English language to have all of its letters in alphabetical order, and with no letters repeated.[21][22]
^ abAegilops. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
^ abcdWatson, L. and M. J. Dallwitz. 1992 onwards. Aegilops.Archived October 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine The Grass Genera of the World. Version: 18 December 2012.
^"Aegilops". County-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
^Aegilops. Encycloweedia Data Sheets. California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA).
^Thomson, Peter (2010). Seeds, sex, and civilization: How the hidden life of plants has shaped our world. Thames and Hudson. 12,13.
^Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010). "αἰγίλωψ, -ωπος". Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series. with the assistance of Lucien van Beek. Leiden, Boston: Brill. p. 32. ISBN9789004174207.
