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Acquired hemolytic anemia

Acquired hemolytic anemia
Specialty	Hematology

Acquired hemolytic anemia can be divided into immune and non-immune mediated forms of hemolytic anemia.^[1]

Classification

Immune

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia^[1]
- Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia^[1]
  - Idiopathic^[2]
  - Linked with primary immunodeficiency/immunodysregulation syndrome.^[2]
  - Lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated.^[2]
  - Secondary to other malignancies.^[2]
  - Associated with SLE or other collagen-vascular disorders.^[2]
  - Secondary to viral infection.^[2]
- Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia^[2]
- Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria^[2]
- Drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia^[2]
Alloimmune hemolytic anemia^[1]
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)^[1]
  - Rh disease (Rh D)^[1]
  - ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn^[1]
  - Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn^[1]
  - Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn^[1]
  - Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn^[1]
  - Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kidd, Duffy, MN, P and others)^[1]
- Alloimmune hemolytic blood transfusion reactions (i.e., from a non-compatible blood type)^[1]

Non-immune

Traumatic hemolytic anemia^[2]
- Impact^[2]
- Macrovascular defects-prostheses^[2]
- Microvascular causes^[2]
  - Disseminated intravascular hemolysis^[2]
  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura^[2]
  - Typical and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome^[2]
  - Other microvascular abnormalities
- Hypersplenism^[2]
- Hemolytic anemia due to toxic effects on the membrane
  - Spur cell anemia
  - External toxins
    - Animal or spider bites^[2]
    - Metals
    - Organic compounds^[2]
  - Infectious agents
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

History

The term 'acquired hemolytic anemia' originally appeared in the early 1900s.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Arnold, Dm; Nazi, I; Moore, Jc; Heddle, Nm; Kelton, Jg (2011). "Acquired hemolytic anemia". Blood and Bone Marrow Pathology. Elsevier. p. 157–172. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3147-2.00010-9. ISBN 978-0-7020-3147-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s Kalfa, Theodosia A. (2019). "Acquired Hemolytic Anemias". Concise Guide to Hematology. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 67–79. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97873-4_9. ISBN 978-3-319-97872-7.
^ MACK, P; FREEDMAN, J (2000). "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A history*". Transfusion Medicine Reviews. 14 (3). Elsevier BV: 223–233. doi:10.1053/tm.2000.7392. ISSN 0887-7963.

Further reading

Frewin, Rebecca (2014). "Biochemical aspects of anaemia". Clinical Biochemistry: Metabolic and Clinical Aspects. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-5140-1.00027-4. ISBN 978-0-7020-5140-1.

External links

Diseases of red blood cells

↑

Polycythemia	Polycythemia vera

↓

Micro-: Iron-deficiency anemia
- Plummer–Vinson syndrome

Macro-: Megaloblastic anemia
- Pernicious anemia

Hemolytic
(mostly normo-)

AIHA	Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia Cold agglutinin disease Donath–Landsteiner hemolytic anemia Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia

membrane
- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Aplastic
(mostly normo-)

Hereditary: Fanconi anemia

Diamond–Blackfan anemia

Other

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