Acacia arida

Arid wattle
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Acacia
Species:
A. arida
Binomial name
Acacia arida
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms[1]

Acacia arida, commonly known as arid wattle or false melaleuca,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It is a multi-stemmed, glabrous shrub with linear to narrowly oblong phyllodes, cylindrical spikes of golden yellow flowers, and linear pods up to 70 mm (2.8 in) long.

Description

Acacia arida is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.9–3 m (2 ft 11 in – 9 ft 10 in) and has a conical shape with the narrower end towards the base, forms suckers and has many stems up to 5 cm (2.0 in) in diameter at maturity. The crown of the plant is dense, with delicate foliage. The branchlets are light brown with brown or yellowish ends. The phyllodes are flat, linear to narrowly oblong or lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, mostly 25–60 mm (0.98–2.36 in) long and 1–4 mm (0.039–0.157 in) wide with a sweet fragrant smell when young. The flowers are golden yellow and borne in cylindrical spikes 10–24 mm (0.39–0.94 in) long on a peduncle mostly 4–10 mm (0.16–0.39 in) long. Flowering occurs from February to March or in July and August and the pods are erect, linear to lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, flat to circular or more or less square in cross section, mostly 40–65 mm (1.6–2.6 in) long and 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) wide, containing brownish-black seeds 4.5–7 mm (0.18–0.28 in) long.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy

Acacia arida was first formally described by the botanist George Bentham in 1842 in William Jackson Hooker's London Journal of Botany from specimens collected "on the parched desert shores of Cambridge Gulf on the north west coast" by Allan Cunningham.[5][6]

This species is closely related to A. orthocarpa and to A. arrecta . A possible hybrid between A. arida and A. stellaticeps has been collected near Roebourne.[3]

The specific epithet (arida) is from the Latin word aridus meaning dry referring to the annotation on the type specimen.[2]

Distribution

Arid wattle to northern Western Australia, where it grows in red sandy loam or coarse, gravelly, skeletal sandy soils over laterite or sandstone in the Carnarvon, Central Kimberley, Gascoyne, Great Sandy Desert, Northern Kimberley, Ord Victoria Plain, Pilbara and Victoria Bonaparte bioregions.[7] It has a scattered, wide distribution within the Pilbara but generally does not dominate the vegetation. It sometimes form dense stands on many hilltops, called sky islands, particularly in the Hamersley Range and often grows in low, open Eucalypt woodland communities.[3]

Ecology

This species produces new plants from subterranean suckers, including after bushfires.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Acacia arida". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d "Acacia arida". Wattles of the Pilbara. Government of Western Australia. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
  3. ^ a b c "Acacia arida". World Wide Wattle. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  4. ^ Tindale, Mary D.; Kodela, Phillip G. Maslin, Bruce R.; Orchard, Anthony E.; Kodela, Phillip G. (eds.). "Acacia arida". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  5. ^ "Acacia arida". APNI. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  6. ^ Bentham, George (1842). Hooker, William J. (ed.). "Notes on Mimoseae, with a synopsis of species". London Journal of Botany. 1: 370. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  7. ^ "Acacia arida". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.