Abortion in Idaho

Abortion in Idaho is illegal from fertilization.[1][2] Following the overturning of Roe v. Wade on June 24, 2022, abortion in Idaho was criminalized by the trigger law which states that a person who performs an abortion may face two to five years of imprisonment.[3] The ban allows exceptions for maternal health, rape and incest within the first trimester.[3] The law took effect on August 25, 2022.[2]

Some state leaders, including former Lt. Gov. Janice McGeachin "are calling for even stricter laws, including eliminating the exceptions for rape, incest and the life of the mother and pushing to classify abortion as felony murder."[3]

History

Legislative history

By 1950, the state legislature passed a law stating that a woman who had an abortion or actively sought to have an abortion regardless of whether she went through with it were guilty of a criminal offense.[4]

The state passed a law in the 2000s banning abortions after 22 weeks because they alleged that fetus can feel pain.[5] The state was one of 23 states in 2007 to have a detailed abortion-specific informed consent requirement.[6] In the informed consent materials given to women in Idaho, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Texas required by statute, the materials used graphic and inflammatory language.[7] Idaho was the only state of 23 with detailed informed consent requirements by statute that did not require the woman be told how far advanced her pregnancy was.[7] Georgia, Michigan, Arkansas and Idaho all required in 2007 that women must be provided by an abortion clinic with the option to view an image of their fetus if an ultrasound is used prior to the abortion taking place.[7] As of May 14, 2019, the state prohibited abortions after the fetus was viable, generally some point between week 24 and 28. This period uses a standard defined by the United States Supreme Court in 1973 with the Roe v. Wade ruling.[8] On March 24, 2020, Governor Brad Little signed into law S1385, which is a trigger law stating that if and when states are again allowed to ban abortion on their own authority then abortion would be illegal in Idaho except for cases of the life of the mother, rape or incest.[9][10][11]

Judicial history

The United States Supreme Court's decision in 1973's Roe v. Wade ruling meant the state could no longer regulate abortion in the first trimester.[4] However, the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, No. 19-1392, 597 U.S. ___ (2022) later in 2022.[12][13]

On January 5, 2023, the Idaho Supreme Court ruled that the Idaho Constitution does not confer a right to an abortion, rejecting a challenge to the states' abortion laws by Planned Parenthood.[14]

On September 12, 2023, four women filed a lawsuit against Idaho over the state's abortion ban, stating that they were denied abortions despite having dangerous pregnancy complications.[15] One of the women represented in the lawsuit, whose fetus was diagnosed with a fatal anomaly, gave birth prematurely in a hotel bathroom after traveling to Portland, Oregon for an abortion after being denied an abortion in Idaho.[16] A physician in Boise also reported that several patients experiencing severe pregnancy complications at the hospital where he works had to be airlifted out of state to receive care.[17]

Clinic history

Number of abortion clinics in Idaho by year
See also: Abortion clinic

Between 1982 and 1992, the number of abortion clinics in the state decreased by six, going from fifteen in 1982 to nine in 1992.[18] In 2014, there were three abortion clinics in the state.[19] In 2014, 95% of the counties in the state did not have an abortion clinic. That year, 68% of women in the state aged 15–44 lived in a county without an abortion clinic.[20] In 2017, there were three Planned Parenthood clinics, all of which offered abortion services, in a state with a population of 365,502 women aged 15–49.[21]

Emerg-A-Care in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, also served women from Eastern Idaho in 2017.[22]

Statistics

In the period between 1972 and 1974, there was only no recorded illegal abortion death in the state.[clarification needed][23] In 1990, 106,000 women in the state faced the risk of an unintended pregnancy.[18] The lowest number of legal induced abortions by state in 2000 occurred in Idaho with 801, while South Dakota was second with 878, and North Dakota was third with 1,341.[24] Idaho had the fewest induced abortions in 2001 with 738, while South Dakota was second with 895, and North Dakota was third with 1,216. Idaho had the lowest induced abortion to live birth ratio at 36 per 1,000 live births while New York City had the highest at 767. Based on the ratio of number of women aged 15–44 years, Idaho had the lowest rate of induced abortions at 3 per 1,000 women while the District of Columbia had the highest at 37 per 1,000.[25] In 2003, the state of South Dakota had the lowest number of legal induced abortions with 819. Idaho was second with 911, while North Dakota was third with 1,354. Idaho had the lowest ratio of induced abortions to live births at 42 per 1,000 in 2003 while New York City had the highest at 758 to 1,000.[26] In 2010, the state had zero publicly funded abortions.[27] In 2013, among white women aged 15–19, there were 170 abortions, zero abortions for black women aged 15–19, 40 abortions for Hispanic women aged 15–19, and 20 abortions for women of all other races.[28] In 2014, 49% of adults said in a poll by the Pew Research Center that abortion should be illegal in all or most cases vs. 45% believing it should be legal.[29] In 2017, the state had an infant mortality rate of 4.6 deaths per 1,000 live births.[30]

Number of reported abortions, abortion rate and percentage change in rate by geographic region and state in 1992, 1995 and 1996[31]
Census division and state Number Rate % change 1992–1996
1992 1995 1996 1992 1995 1996
US Total 1,528,930 1,363,690 1,365,730 25.9 22.9 22.9 –12
Mountain 69,600 63,390 67,020 21 17.9 18.6 –12
Arizona 20,600 18,120 19,310 24.1 19.1 19.8 –18
Colorado 19,880 15,690 18,310 23.6 18 20.9 –12
Idaho 1,710 1,500 1,600 7.2 5.8 6.1 –15
Montana 3,300 3,010 2,900 18.2 16.2 15.6 –14
Nevada 13,300 15,600 15,450 44.2 46.7 44.6 1
New Mexico 6,410 5,450 5,470 17.7 14.4 14.4 –19
Utah 3,940 3,740 3,700 9.3 8.1 7.8 –16
Wyoming 460 280 280 4.3 2.7 2.7 –37
Number, rate, and ratio of reported abortions, by reporting area of residence and occurrence and by percentage of abortions obtained by out-of-state residents, US CDC estimates
Location Residence Occurrence % obtained by
out-of-state residents 		Year Ref
No. Rate^ Ratio^^ No. Rate^ Ratio^^
Idaho 1,710 7.2 1992 [31]
Idaho 1,500 5.8 1995 [31]
Idaho 1,600 6.1 1996 [31]
Idaho 1,767 5.6 77 1,353 4.3 59 5.2 2014 [32]
Idaho 1,695 5.3 74 1,272 4 56 4.6 2015 [33]
Idaho 1,725 5.4 77 1,289 4.0 57 3.4 2016 [34]
^number of abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44; ^^number of abortions per 1,000 live births

Abortion rights views and activities

Protests

Women from the state participated in marches supporting abortion rights as part of a #StoptheBans movement in May 2019.[35][36]

Following the leak of the overturn of Roe v. Wade on May 2, 2022, an abortion rights protest was held in Boise, Idaho.[37] On November 10, 2022, two abortion rights protesters who were present at the Boise, Idaho protests filed tort claims against the city, alleging that they were falsely arrested and imprisoned in violation of constitutional rights to peacefully assemble.[38]

Following the overturn of Roe v. Wade on June 24, 2022, an abortion rights protest was held in Boise, Idaho outside city hall.[39]

Anti-abortion views and activities

The Boise March for Life is an anti-abortion march that took place every January on the weekend anniversary of Roe v. Wade, with a rally following. It is unclear whether it will still take place now that the Supreme Court has overturned Roe v. Wade in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, No. 19-1392, 597 U.S. ___ (2022) in 2022.[12][13]

Violence

Shelley Shannon attempted to set fires at abortion clinics in Oregon, California, Idaho and Nevada during the late 1980s and early 1990s and eventually pleaded guilty to these cases of arson. In 1993, she was found guilty of attempted murder of Dr. George Tiller in 1993 at his Wichita, Kansas clinic.[40]

Footnotes


References

  1. ^ "SENATE BILL 1385 – Idaho State Legislature". Archived from the original on June 12, 2024. Retrieved August 27, 2024.
  2. ^ a b Kim, Juliana (August 22, 2022). "3 more states are poised to enact abortion trigger bans this week". NPR.
  3. ^ a b c Blumenthal, Paul (June 14, 2022). "These States Will Ban Abortion Now That Roe Is Overturned". HuffPost. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  4. ^ a b Buell, Samuel (January 1, 1991). "Criminal Abortion Revisited". New York University Law Review. 66 (6): 1774–1831. PMID 11652642.
  5. ^ Times, The New York. "Abortion Restrictions in States". archive.nytimes.com. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  6. ^ "State Policy On Informed Consent for Abortion" (PDF). Guttmacher Policy Review. Fall 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
  7. ^ a b c "State Abortion Counseling Policies and the Fundamental Principles of Informed Consent". Guttmacher Institute. November 12, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
  8. ^ Lai, K. K. Rebecca (May 15, 2019). "Abortion Bans: 8 States Have Passed Bills to Limit the Procedure This Year". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  9. ^ "'Trigger law' to ban abortion passes Senate". March 12, 2020.
  10. ^ "Idaho governor signs bill outlawing abortion if Roe v. Wade is reversed".
  11. ^ "Senate Bill S1385 2020 Session".
  12. ^ a b de Vogue, Ariane (June 24, 2022). "Supreme Court overturns Roe v. Wade". CNN. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  13. ^ a b Howe, Amy (June 24, 2022). "Supreme Court overturns constitutional right to abortion". SCOTUSblog. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  14. ^ Mosely-Morris, Kelcie (January 5, 2023). "Idaho Supreme Court upholds abortion ban, civil enforcement law". Idaho Capital Sun. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
  15. ^ El-Bawab, Nadine (September 12, 2023). "Women, doctors announce legal action against abortion bans in 3 states". ABC News. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
  16. ^ Diaz, Adrianna (October 31, 2023). ""Hopeless and frustrated": Idaho's abortion ban is driving OB/GYNs out of the state". CBS News. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
  17. ^ Harris, Bracey (April 25, 2024). "Why Idaho's hospitals are having pregnant patients airlifted out of state". NBC News. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  18. ^ a b Arndorfer, Elizabeth; Michael, Jodi; Moskowitz, Laura; Grant, Juli A.; Siebel, Liza (December 1998). A State-By-State Review of Abortion and Reproductive Rights. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 9780788174810.
  19. ^ Gould, Rebecca Harrington, Skye. "The number of abortion clinics in the US has plunged in the last decade — here's how many are in each state". Business Insider. Retrieved May 23, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ "This is what could happen if Roe v. Wade fell". Business Insider (in Spanish). August 4, 2018. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  21. ^ "Here's Where Women Have Less Access to Planned Parenthood". Retrieved May 23, 2019.
  22. ^ McCann, Allison (May 23, 2017). "Seven states have only one remaining abortion clinic. We talked to the people keeping them open". Vice News. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
  23. ^ Cates, Willard; Rochat, Roger (March 1976). "Illegal Abortions in the United States: 1972–1974". Family Planning Perspectives. 8 (2): 86–92. doi:10.2307/2133995. JSTOR 2133995. PMID 1269687.
  24. ^ "Abortion Surveillance --- United States, 2000". CDC. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  25. ^ "Abortion Surveillance --- United States, 2001". CDC. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  26. ^ "Abortion Surveillance --- United States, 2003". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  27. ^ "Guttmacher Data Center". Guttmacher. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  28. ^ "No. of abortions among women aged 15–19, by state of residence, 2013 by racial group". Guttmacher Data Center. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  29. ^ "Views about abortion by state - Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics". Pew Research Center. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  30. ^ "States pushing abortion bans have highest infant mortality rates". NBC News. May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  31. ^ a b c d Henshaw, Stanley K. (June 15, 2005). "Abortion Incidence and Services in the United States, 1995-1996". Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 30: 263–270. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
  32. ^ Jatlaoui, Tara C. (2017). "Abortion Surveillance — United States, 2014". MMWR. Surveillance Summaries. 66 (24): 1–48. doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6624a1. ISSN 1546-0738. PMC 6289084. PMID 29166366.
  33. ^ Jatlaoui, Tara C. (2018). "Abortion Surveillance — United States, 2015". MMWR. Surveillance Summaries. 67 (13): 1–45. doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6713a1. ISSN 1546-0738. PMC 6289084. PMID 30462632.
  34. ^ Jatlaoui, Tara C. (2019). "Abortion Surveillance — United States, 2016". MMWR. Surveillance Summaries. 68 (11): 1–41. doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6811a1. ISSN 1546-0738. PMC 6289084. PMID 31774741.
  35. ^ Bacon, John. "Abortion rights supporters' voices thunder at #StopTheBans rallies across the nation". USA Today. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  36. ^ "Abortion ban opponents rally at Statehouse". KIVI. May 21, 2019. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
  37. ^ Stevenson, Ian Max (May 4, 2022). "'Beginning of an erosion of rights': Protesters rally at Idaho Capitol over abortion news". Idaho Statesman. Retrieved February 20, 2024.
  38. ^ Moseley-Morris, Kelcie (November 30, 2022). "Two abortion rights protesters file tort claims against Boise city, police over arrests". Idaho Capital Sun. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
  39. ^ "People protest Roe v. Wade decision at Boise City Hall". Idaho News 6. June 24, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2024.
  40. ^ Jacobson, Mireille; Royer, Heather (December 2010). "Aftershocks: The Impact of Clinic Violence on Abortion Services". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 3: 189–223. doi:10.1257/app.3.1.189.