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Abitibi River
Abitibi River
	Abitibi River at Iroquois Falls
	Location of the mouth of the Abitibi River in Ontario
Etymology	Algonquin language
Location
Country	Canada
Province	Ontario
District	Cochrane
Physical characteristics
Source	Lake Abitibi
• location	38 km east of Iroquois Falls
• coordinates	48°47′06″N 80°10′23″W / 48.78500°N 80.17306°W
Mouth	Moose River
• location	30 km SSW from Moosonee
• coordinates	51°04′17″N 80°55′32″W / 51.07139°N 80.92556°W
Length	540 km (340 mi)
Basin size	29,500 km2 (11,400 sq mi)
Basin features
Tributaries
• left	Black River, Frederick House River, North Driftwood River
• right	Sucker River, Little Abitibi River

The Abitibi River is a river in northeastern Ontario, Canada, which flows northwest from Lake Abitibi to join the Moose River which empties into James Bay. This river is 540 kilometres (340 mi) long, and descends 265 metres (869 ft).^[2] It is the ninth longest river in Ontario, Behind the Ottawa River (1,271km), St. Lawrence River (1.197km), Severn River (982km), Albany River (982km), Winnipeg River (813km), Attawapiskat River (748km), English River (615km) and Moose River(547km).

Abitibi is an Algonquin word meaning "halfway water", derived from abitah, which may be translated as "middle" or "halfway", and nipi, "water". Originally used by the French to designate a band of Algonquin Indians who lived near the lake, the name was descriptive of their location halfway between the trading posts on the Hudson Bay and those on the Ottawa River.^[2]^[3]

The river was an important fur trading route for the Hudson's Bay Company. From 1914 Until 2014, pulp and paper, centered on the town of Iroquois Falls, was an important industry in the heavily forested region through which it flows.^[2] The region also supports tourism and gold mining.^[2]

The Abitibi Canyon Generating Station is located on the river at Abitibi Canyon. The experience of surveying the river for the purposes of building this plant was the inspiration for folk singer Wade Hemsworth's "The Black Fly Song".

Geography

Description of river course (in downstream order):

Begins as outlet from Lake Abitibi (48°47′6″N 80°10′23″W / 48.78500°N 80.17306°W / 48.78500; -80.17306)
Extreme southern point (48°42′26″N 80°38′25″W / 48.70722°N 80.64028°W / 48.70722; -80.64028)
Ansonville, Ontario (48°45′26″N 80°40′43″W / 48.75722°N 80.67861°W / 48.75722; -80.67861)
Iroquois Falls, Ontario (48°46′41″N 80°40′6″W / 48.77806°N 80.66833°W / 48.77806; -80.66833)
Crossed by Ontario Northland Railway (49°12′43″N 81°0′37″W / 49.21194°N 81.01028°W / 49.21194; -81.01028)
Long Sault Rapids hydroelectric plant (49°12′44″N 81°0′52″W / 49.21222°N 81.01444°W / 49.21222; -81.01444)
Confluence with the Black River (49°20′58″N 81°6′34″W / 49.34944°N 81.10944°W / 49.34944; -81.10944)
Confluence with the Frederick House River (49°18′51″N 81°16′58″W / 49.31417°N 81.28278°W / 49.31417; -81.28278)
Ontario Northland Railway crossing at Island Falls Station, Ontario (49°32′53″N 81°22′56″W / 49.54806°N 81.38222°W / 49.54806; -81.38222)
Island Falls, Ontario (49°34′3″N 81°23′16″W / 49.56750°N 81.38778°W / 49.56750; -81.38778)
Abitibi Canyon Generating Station near Fraserdale, Ontario (49°53′42″N 81°34′42″W / 49.89500°N 81.57833°W / 49.89500; -81.57833)
Otter Rapids Generating Station (50°10′57″N 81°38′37″W / 50.18250°N 81.64361°W / 50.18250; -81.64361)
Coral Rapids, Ontario (50°13′17″N 81°40′33″W / 50.22139°N 81.67583°W / 50.22139; -81.67583)
Extreme western point (50°15′25″N 81°40′48″W / 50.25694°N 81.68000°W / 50.25694; -81.68000)
Confluence with the Little Abitibi River (50°29′29″N 81°32′7″W / 50.49139°N 81.53528°W / 50.49139; -81.53528)
Joins the Moose River (51°4′17″N 80°55′32″W / 51.07139°N 80.92556°W / 51.07139; -80.92556)
Enters James Bay as part of the Moose River (51°21′14″N 80°24′14″W / 51.35389°N 80.40389°W / 51.35389; -80.40389)

Tributaries

Little Abitibi River
Frederick House River
Black River
Mistango River
Marathon Creek
Edwards Creek
Meadow Creek

Protected areas

A small portion of the river (from the outlet of Lake Abitibi to Couchching Falls) is protected in the Abitibi-De-Troyes Provincial Park. Until April 2005, this park included all the public lands stretching along the Abitibi River to Iroquois Falls, but most of these were deregulated because the significant amount of private land within the area that made the management of the waterway class provincial park difficult.^[4]

Power generation

The Abitibi River is used extensively for the hydro-electric power generation. Power stations on the river are in downstream order:

Installation	Capacity	Head	Year built	Operator	Notes
Twin Falls	27.5 MW	17 m (56 ft)	1922	H2O Power	5 vertical Francis turbines^[5]
Iroquois Falls	29.7 MW	13 m (43 ft)	1914 (rebuilt 2003)	H2O Power	9 vertical Saxo Kaplan, 3 horizontal double Francis turbines^[6]
Long Sault Rapids	16 MW	9 m (30 ft)	1998	Algonquin Power Systems	Run-of-the-river
Island Falls	44.3 MW	19 m (62 ft)	1925	H2O Power	4 vertical Francis turbines^[7]
Abitibi Canyon	345 MW		1933	Ontario Power Generation	5x 68.8 MW Francis turbines
Peter Sutherland Sr.	28 MW		2017	Ontario Power Generation	actually on New Post Creek^[8]
Otter Rapids	180 MW		1961	Ontario Power Generation	4x 45 MW turbines

References

^ ^a ^b Atlas of Canada Archived 2007-04-04 at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abitibi River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 33. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
^ Hamilton, William (1978). Canadian Place Names. Macmillan of Canada. p. 132. ISBN 0-7715-9754-1.
^ "Abitibi-de-Troyes Provincial Park Management Statement". Ontario.ca. Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. 6 November 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
^ "Twin Falls Generating Station". h2opower.com. H2O Power. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
^ "Iroquois Falls Generating Station". h2opower.com. H2O Power. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
^ "Island Falls Generating Station". h2opower.com. H2O Power. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
^ "Our projects: Peter Sutherland Sr. Generating Station". opg.com. Ontario Power Generation. Retrieved 20 September 2021.