Abdolsamad Kambakhsh (Persian: عبدالصمد کامبخش, romanized: ʿAbd-ul-Ṣamad Kāmbaḵš, birth name Abdolsamad Adle Qajar; 1902 or 1903 – 1971) son of Prince Kamran Mirza Adle Qajar, also known by his aliases as Abdolsamad Qanbari or the Red Prince, was an Iraniancommunist political activist. In early 1925, he married feminist activist Dr. Akhtar Kianouri (Persian: اختر کیانوری). Noureddin Kianouri, the younger brother of Dr. Akhtar Kianouri, grew up in their house.
Early years
He grew up in his birthplace,[2] and went to study in Russia in 1915.[3] There he got inspired by the Russian Revolution. When he returned to Iran, he joined the Socialist and Communist parties.[3] He then resided in Tehran and became a factory manager.[4] Despite his political leanings, the Iranian government granted him a scholarship in 1927 and he was sent to the Soviet Union for studies.[3] At Moscow University,[4] he studied aeronautics between 1928 and 1932.[5]
Kambakhsh and his wife Akhtar Kianouri after returning from Russia
According to the CIA, Abdossamad Kambakhsh was the [6] founder of Tudeh Party and Azerbaijan Movement. For Russia, he was the Iranian representative in Communist International (Comintern) and therefore an ally. That made him the "Voice of Russia" for Iranians.
Political life
Kambakhshwas an influential member of the Tudeh Party of Iran and belonged to the party's hardline faction.[7] He was also one of the few “group of fifty-three” with experience in the youth section of the Communist party, where he helped organizing the local educational society.
At the time of his arrest in 1937, Kabakhsh was an instructor in engineering at the military academy and the manager of the army mechanics school outside Tehran. The contacts he made in these years, proved highly useful later when the Tudeh decided to form cells within the military.[8][9]
In the introduction of Kambakhsh's book the Workers’ and Communist Movement in Iran, Ehsan Tabari named him the only Iranian who was trusted by Joseph Stalin and the Soviets.
Kambakhsh was known for his close connections to the Soviet intelligence agencies, including the OGPU, the NKVD and the KGB.[10]
Scholar Maziar Behrooz argues that "Kambakhsh was not a theorist but a party functionary with strong personal connections to the Soviets".[11]
A Review of the Workers 'and Communist Movement in Iran: A Collection of Articles by Kambakhsh, Abdolsamad, 1350-1282. (Nazari Beh Jonbeshi Kargari va Komunist-i dar Iran) in two cover, first cover in 290 Pages. The first volume of the books Social democracy = 310 p - y 14 - Kambakhsh(PDF) (in Persian). is about the only organized resistance against the pro-Hitler coalition and regime during the Reza Shah era.
^ abcAbrahamian, Ervand (1999). Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran. University of California Press. p. 50. ISBN0520922905.
^Ghods, M. Reza (1990). "The Iranian Communist Movement under Reza Shah". Middle Eastern Studies. 26 (4). Taylor & Francis: 506–513. doi:10.1080/00263209008700833. JSTOR4283395.(subscription required)
^the CIA in 1954 suspected that the Tudeh was controlled by the veteran communist Kamran. See the U.S. Embassy to the State Department, “Anti-Tudeh Campaign,” The Declassified Documents Retrospective Collection, Microfiche 1952-54 (75), 309A
^Gasiorowski, Mark J.; Byrne, Malcolm (2004). "Makki". Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran. Syracuse University Press. pp. 60–62. ISBN0815630182.
^Tudeh Party, “Party Program,” Rahbar, 5-7 September 1944.33 A. Qassemi, Hizb-i Tudeh-i Iran Cheh Miguyad va Cheh Mikhuahad? (What Does the Tudeh Party of Iran Say and Want?) (Tehran, 1944), pp. 2-5.
^IRAN BETWEEN TWO REVOLUTIONS, page 296, Ervand Abrahamian
^Chaqueri, Cosroe (December 15, 1998) [January 19, 2012]. "ESKANDARĪ, ĪRAJ". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Fasc. 6. Vol. VIII. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 604–606. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
