A1 motorway (Greece)

A1 motorway shield
A1 motorway
Αυτοκινητόδρομος 1
Motorway 1 (A1) as viewed from Katerini South interchange.png
Route information
Part of E75
Length550 km (340 mi)
Major junctions
North endEvzonoi
South endAthens
Location
CountryGreece
RegionsCentral Macedonia, Thessaly, Central Greece, Attica
Major citiesThessaloniki, Katerini, Larisa, Lamia, Athens
Highway system
  • Highways in Greece

The A1 motorway, also known as the Athens–Thessaloniki–Evzonoi (A.Th.E.) motorway,[1][2] and formerly the Patras–Athens–Thessaloniki–Evzonoi (P.A.Th.E.) motorway,[3] is the 2nd longest motorway in Greece with a length of 550 km. It is the principal north–south road connection in Greece,[4] connecting the country's capital Athens with the regions of Thessaly and Macedonia, as well as the country's second largest city, Thessaloniki. It starts from Neo Faliro in Attica and continues north to reach the Evzonoi border station, on the Greek border with North Macedonia.

Today, the construction, operation and maintenance of the A1 motorway have been largely outsourced to private companies: Aftokinitodromos Aigaiou SA. (Kleidi, Imathia - Raches, Fthiotida), Kentriki Odos SA (Raches, Fthiotida - Skarfia, Fthiotida) and Nea Odos SA (Skarfia, Fthiotida - Metamorfosi, Attica). The section of Kleidi, Imathia-Evzoni since 2014 operates and is maintained by Egnatia Odos SA.[5]

Route

The motorway passes through Mainland Greece and has largely replaced National Road 1. It begins at Kifissou Avenue, Athens, just north of the Bay of Phaliro, and continues northward to Evzonoi, on the border with the country's northern neighbour, North Macedonia, where it continues as the A1. Before the European routes numbers were changed, the northern part from Efzoni to EO2 was E5N, while today the entire road is part of European route E75. The task of maintaining and charging for parts of the motorway has recently been ceded to private consortia, part of the deal for the construction of the A5 (Ionia Odos), the A3/E65, and the bypass of Tempe Valley.[citation needed]

The part west of downtown Athens runs over the Cephisus river and Kifissou Avenue. From north of the boundary of Voiotia - Phthiotis, up to near Velestino, the tollway runs close to the coast of the Aegean Sea. It then continues north of the Tempe Valley and up to the junction of the European route E90. It then shares a 25 km common part with the A2/E90 (on a west–east direction), and then, at the "Axios Interchange", continues north to Evzonoi and the national border with North Macedonia. Its total length is approximately 550 km.[citation needed]

Cities

The A1 motorway passes near major urban centers in the country:

  1. Athens
  2. Thebes
  3. Chalcis (20 km south - connection via A11)
  4. Lamia
  5. Larissa
  6. Katerini
  7. Thessaloniki (20 km west - connection via the A2 motorway (Egnatia Odos) and Thessaloniki's New West Entrance)
  8. Polykastro

Airports

The A1 motorway is connected to the following airports:

  1. Thessaloniki (Macedonia Airport) (45 km west - connection via the A2 (Egnatia Odos) and the A24 Thessaloniki Ring Road)
  2. Nea Anchialos - (10 km west - connection via National Road 30)
  3. Athens (Eleftherios Venizelos Airport) - (25 km west - connection via the A6 motorway)

Harbours

The A1 motorway is connected to the following harbours:

  1. Thessaloniki
  2. Volos
  3. Piraeus

Distances in kilometers

Distance in km 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
(1) Evzonoi – 49 63 75 110 171 208 252 354 533 550
(2) Gefyra 49 – 12 26 61 122 159 203 305 505 501
(3) Axios 63 12 – 12 47 108 145 188 290 490 507
(4) Kleidi 75 49 12 – 35 98 135 178 280 480 497
(5) Katerini 110 61 47 35 – 61 98 141 243 443 460
(6) Evangelismos 171 122 108 98 61 – 37 80 182 382 399
(7) Larissa 208 159 145 135 108 37 – 43 145 345 362
(8) Velestino 252 212 198 186 151 80 43 – 102 302 319
(9) Lamia 354 305 293 279 244 183 146 102 – 200 217
(10) Athens 533 484 472 458 423 362 325 282 200 – 17

History

1950s-1970s

The old Greek National Road 1, was a historic road, which connected Athens with the Customs of Evzoni, through Dhekelia, Atalanti, Kamena Vourla, Thermopylae, Lamia, Stylida, Almyros, Velestino, Larissa, Valley of Tempi, Katerini, Alexandria, Gefyra and Polykastro. The road followed the route of the streets of antiquity.[6] However, over time, its specifications began to be considered obsolete, as in the rest of Europe, modern highways began were started to be built. Thus, in the mid-1950s, construction work began on a new road, which began in 1959 with the delivery of the Larissa-Katerini section (Later, the Athens-Lamia section in 1962 and the Lamia-Larissa section in 1967) and were completed in 1973, with the delivery of the part Katerini - Thessaloniki - Evzoni. For the most part it was 13 metres (43 ft) - 14 metres (46 ft) (except for the part of the Valley of Tempi, which was 10 metres (33 ft), because it was built on a mountain) and 2 traffic lanes (1 lane + 1 auxiliary lane in each direction), without a median strip. The Polykastro - Evzoni section was the first section with motorway specifications.[7]

1980-today

Work on the conversion to a motorway began in the mid-1980s, with the construction of the sections Klidi interchange- Gallikos river (delivered in 1988), Bogiati camp - Kryoneri interchange (delivered in 1989) (4.5 km), Inofyta interchange- Schimatari interchange (delivered in 1989) (12.5 km), Ritsona interchange - Thebes interchange (delivered in 1989) (14.8 km). In the early 1990s, work began on the entire length of the sections Athens - Thebes interchange, and Katerini - Klidi.[7]

As early as 1995, National Road 1 had highway specifications in the sections Athens - Yliki, Katerini - Klidi - Thessaloniki and Polykastro - Evzoni.[7]

In 1998, it had six lanes in the Athens (Metamorfosi) -Thebe section and four in the Thebes-Tempi section, with the exception of a few sections in Magnesia, which still had two.[7]

In 2002 the Yliki-Agios Konstantinos section was completed.[8]

In 2004 the first tunnel of the A1 was built, the tunnel of Katerini (tunnels of Alexander the Great and Philip),[9] while in the same year Kifissos Avenue was handed over, which is the part of the road that connects Metamorfosi with Faliro, above the Kifissos river, inside Athens.

In November 2017, with the launch of the tender for the privatization of Egnatia Motorway and the announcement of its terms, it was announced that the upgrade of the Halastra-Polykastro section from an expressway to as motorway was under planning.[10] This was confirmed in September 2018. Construction costs are estimated to exceed €200 million, and the remainder of the axis from Polykastro to Evzoni, which has already been characterized a motorway will be upgraded with more modern features such as safety barriers, new signage and road improvements.[11]

In 2005, it was completed along its entire length, except for the "Horseshoe" of Maliakos and Tempi.[7]

On June 13, 2007, the Aegean Motorway SA was established, which undertook the construction and operation of the motorway in the Raches-Klidi section.[7]

In the same year, the first sections of Maliakos, the Agios Konstantinos Bypass, the Kamenon Vourlon Bypass and the 4.5 km long Agia Paraskevi-Agia Marina section were opened to traffic.[12][13][14] In 2008 the Thermopylae-Bralos Bypass section was delivered.[15]

In 2014, the Velestino interchange was completed, which connects ATHE with Volos.

In 2015, the last section of Maliakos Stylida-Raches with the tunnels of Stylida, with the upgraded Lamia interchange and the new bridge of Sperchios (bypass of Lamia) was handed over to traffic.[16]

In 2016, the northern interchange of Katerini was completed, after about 26 years of construction, due to expropriation and financing problems.[17] On April 6, 2017, the section Evangelismos - Skotina (bypass of Tempi and Platamonas), 25 km long, was delivered. In November 2017, with the start of the tender for the privatization of Egnatia Odos and the announcement of its terms, it became known that the HRDH may include in the object of the Concession Agreement the upgrade of the section Halastra - Polykastro from expressway to motorway, which was confirmed in September 2018. The construction cost is estimated to exceed 200 million euros, while the rest of the axis from Polykastro to Evzoni, which already has highway features, will be upgraded with more modern features such as safety railings, new signage and pavement improvement.[18]

Exit list

The exits of the completed sections of the A1 motorway:[1]

Notes
      Under construction
      Planned
Regional unit Exit Name Destinations Notes/Also as
Kilkis
Evzonoi border crossing (North Macedonia) 		M1 E75
 North Macedonia 		5-gate customs

 Speed limit 20

 Height limit 4.5 m.[19]

northern terminus of the A1

Bus and truck customs  North Macedonia (for buses and trucks) one-exit interchange without ramps
Evzonoi GR-1
E75
Polykastro
E75
Rest Area of Polykastro
Thessaloniki Agios Athanasios GR-2 E86
E75
19 Axios interchange A2 E90
E75
18 Nea Malgara
E75 E90
Imathia 17 Kleidi interchange West: A2 ( E90): Kozani, Veria, Ioannina
E75
Pieria Aiginio
E75
Nea Agathoupoli
E75
Makrygialos
E75
Rest Area of Korinos
Korinos
E75
Katerini North,

Paralia

Katerini Ring Road,

Paralia, Kallithea

E75
Katerini East GR-1
E75
Fillipos Tunnel (1095 m) (southbound) Alexandros Tunnel (1100 m) (northbound)
Katerini South Olympiaki Akti E75
Nea Efesos Nea Efesos, Kontariotissa
E75
Paralia Litochorou,

Dion

Dion
E75
Litochoro West: Litochoro, Mount Olympus

East: Plaka

E75
Plaka Litochorou Plaka
E75
Leptokarya,

Skotina

GR-1

East: Leptokarya, Paralia Skotinas

E75
Rest Area of Skotina
Platamonas Tunnel (T3) (2700 m) Platamonas Tunnel (T3) (2700 m)
Platamonas,

Neoi Poroi

E75
Larissa Rapsani
E75
Tempe Tunnel 2 (T2) (6000 m) Tempe Tunnel 2 (T2) (6000 m)
Tempe Tunnel 1 (T1) (2000 m) Tempe Tunnel 1 (T1) (2000 m)
Evangelismos,

Makrychori

GR-1
E75
Rest Area of Evangelismos
Larissa 1 GR-1 (Also to Kozani)
E75
Larissa 2
E75
Larissa 3 GR-6
E75
Larissa 4 (Also to Trikala and Karditsa) GR-108 E92
E75
Kileler
E75 E92
Mega Monastiri
E75 E92
Magnesia Velestino
Volos 		GR-6 E92
E75
Aerino GR-1
E75
Mikrothives
Volos
Farsala 		GR-30
E75
Almyros
E75
Sourpi
E75
Rest Area of Almyros
Agioi Theodoroi
E75
Phthiotis Pelasgia
E75
Raches GR-1
E75
Stylida
Karavomylos
E75
Agia Marina GR-1
E75
Agia Paraskevi
E75
Lamia 1 E65
E75
Rest Area of Lamia
Lamia 2 A3
Planned
Bralos GR-27 E65
E75
Thermopyles
E75
Molos
E75
Kainourgio
E75
Kamena Vourla
E75
Latomeio
E75
Agios Konstantinos
E75
Longos
E75
Arkitsa
E75
Livanates
E75
Atalanti
E75
Tragana
E75
Malesina
E75
Martino
E75
Boeotia Kastro GR-48
E75
33 Akraifnio
E75
31 Thebes barracks
E75
Thebes
E75
Thebes 2 A13 (future Athens bypass) Cancelled
Rest Area of Tanagra
30 Ritsona GR-44
E75
Schimatari GR-44β A1 southbound access to A11
E75
Chalcis interchange A11
E75
Oinoi
E75
East Attica Oinofyta
E75
'Serios' Rest Area
Malakasa GR-79
E75
Markopoulo
E75
Kapandriti GR-81
E75
Afidnes
E75
Agios Stefanos GR-83
E75
North Athens Varympompi
E75
Kifisia
E75
Lykovrysi
E75
Metamorfosi
E75
Metamorfosi interchange A6 E94
E75
Central Athens Anagenniseos Street
E75
Krestenis Street
E75
Vryoulon Street
E75
Acharnon Street
E75
Agioi Anargyroi
E75
Liosion Street
E75
Patisia
E75
Peristeri north
E75
Konstantinoupoleos Avenue
E75
Ethnarchou Makariou Street
E75
Peristeri south GR-8
E75
West Athens Iera Odos
E75
Petrou Ralli Avenue
E75
Piraeus Agias Annis Street
E75
Peiraios Street GR-56
E75
Piraeus E75 southern terminus of the A1
  • A1 Motorway near Katerini
    A1 Motorway near Katerini
  • A1 Motorway tunnel near Agios Konstantinos
    A1 Motorway tunnel near Agios Konstantinos
  • A1 Motorway close to Larissa
    A1 Motorway close to Larissa
  • A1 near the Greek border with North Macedonia at Evzoni
    A1 near the Greek border with North Macedonia at Evzoni
  • A1 Motorway's biggest tunnel, Tempi T2 Tunnel
    A1 Motorway's biggest tunnel, Tempi T2 Tunnel
  • A1 Motorway near Xalkidona
    A1 Motorway near Xalkidona
  • A1 Motorway near Nea Agathoupoli
    A1 Motorway near Nea Agathoupoli

References

  1. ^ Lialios, Giorgos (12 January 2016). "Αλλαξε η λίστα των αυτοκινητόδρομων" [The list of motorways has changed]. Kathimerini (in Greek). Athens: Kathimerini Publishing. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  2. ^ Ministerial Decision DOY/oik/5776/2015 (FEK AAP' 253/21.12.2015, pp. 2098–2099).
  3. ^ "Η Εθνική Οδός είχε τη δική της ιστορία" [The National Highway had its own history]. CNN Greece (in Greek). Kifissia: D.G. Newsagency. 24 November 2015. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  4. ^ Καραγιάννης, Νίκος. "ΠΑΘΕ: Τα μεγάλα έργα που ολοκληρώνουν την βασική οδική αρτηρία της Ελλάδας: Ο βασικός οδικός διάδρομος της χώρας". ypodomes.com (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 2014-10-02. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
  5. ^ "ΕΓΝΑΤΙΑ ΟΔΟΣ Α.Ε. Συντήρηση της Εγνατίας Οδού και των Καθέτων Αξόνων (EGNATIA ODOS SA Maintenance of the Egnatia Odos and the Vertical Axes)". www.egnatia.eu. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  6. ^ "Η Εθνική Οδός είχε τη δική της ιστορία". CNN.gr (in Greek). 2015-11-24. Retrieved 2021-01-23.
  7. ^ a b c d e f ΨΑΡΡΑΣ-ΤΑΣΙΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ (2007). ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΟΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝΤΙΚΗ ΑΞΙΟΛΟΓΗΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΕΠΙΠΤΩΣΕΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΟΔΙΚΟΥ ΑΞΟΝΑ ΠΑΘΕ ΣΤΟ ΠΕΤΑΛΟ ΤΟΥ ΜΑΛΙΑΚΟΥ ΚΟΛΠΟΥ (PDF). Βόλος: ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΙΑΣ. pp. 64–65.
  8. ^ "Λαλιώτης: Τέλος 2001 έτοιμο το 80% του ΠΑΘΕ". m.naftemporiki.gr (in Greek). Retrieved 2021-01-23.
  9. ^ "Κατερίνη: Η απομάκρυνση πινακίδων που πυροδότησε θεωρίες… συνομωσίας". CNN.gr (in Greek). 2018-01-30. Retrieved 2021-01-23.
  10. ^ "Εγνατία: Πρόβλεψη κατασκευής αυτοκινητόδρομου στο Χαλάστρα-Εύζωνοι βάζει το ΤΑΙΠΕΔ - ypodomes.com" (in Greek). Retrieved 2018-08-20.[permanent dead link‍]
  11. ^ "Εγνατία Οδός: Οριστικά στο αντικείμενο η αναβάθμιση σε αυτοκινητόδρομο του Χαλάστρα-Πολύκαστρο - ypodomes.com" (in Greek). Retrieved 2018-10-07.
  12. ^ "Παράδοση τμημάτων στο πέταλο του Μαλιακού". www.euro2day.gr. Retrieved 2021-01-23.
  13. ^ "Παράδοση άλλων 32 χλμ. στον Μαλιακό | Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ". Retrieved 2021-01-23.
  14. ^ "ΥΠΕΧΩΔΕ: Στην κυκλοφορία τμήματα του αυτοκινητόδρομου στο Πέταλο Μαλιακού". m.naftemporiki.gr (in Greek). Retrieved 2021-01-23.
  15. ^ "Δόθηκε στην κυκλοφορία το τμήμα παράκαμψης των Θερμοπυλών στον Μαλιακό". ΤΑ ΝΕΑ (in Greek). 2008-09-18. Retrieved 2021-01-23.
  16. ^ Λιάλιος, Γιώργος. "Στην κυκλοφορία όλα τα τμήματα στον Μαλιακό | Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ". Retrieved 2021-01-23.
  17. ^ Μπάρμπα, Βάσια. "Στην κυκλοφορία ο Βόρειος Ανισόπεδος Κόμβος Κατερίνης (φωτο+vid)". Στην κυκλοφορία ο Βόρειος Ανισόπεδος Κόμβος Κατερίνης (φωτο+vid). Retrieved 2021-01-23.
  18. ^ Καραγιάννης, Νίκος (2018-09-28). "Εγνατία Οδός: Οριστικά στο αντικείμενο η αναβάθμιση σε αυτοκινητόδρομο του Χαλάστρα-Πολύκαστρο". Ypodomes.com (in Greek). Retrieved 2021-01-23.
  19. ^ Or 2.8 m, depending on the gate

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United Nations resolution adopted in 1999 UN Security CouncilResolution 1242Oil infrastructure in IraqDate21 May 1999Meeting no.4,008CodeS/RES/1242 (Document)SubjectThe situation between Iraq and KuwaitVoting summary15 voted forNone voted againstNone abstainedResultAdoptedSecurity Council compositionPermanent members China France Russia United Kingdom United StatesNon-permanent members Argentina Bahrain Brazil Canada Gabon Gambia...

 

Aaron Abel Wright

Canadian politician Aaron Abel WrightMember of Parliamentfor Renfrew SouthIn office1900–1908Preceded byJohn FergusonSucceeded byThomas Andrew Low Personal detailsBorn(1840-06-06)June 6, 1840Athens, Leeds County, Upper CanadaDiedFebruary 23, 1922(1922-02-23) (aged 81)Renfrew, Ontario[1]Political partyLiberalOccupationMerchant Aaron Abel Wright (June 6, 1840 – February 23, 1922) was a Canadian politician. Biography Born in Athens, Leeds County, Upper Canada, the son of Isra...

 

لغة الأوريا

الأورياOriyaଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiāمحلية فيالهندمنطقةأوديشا، جهارخاند، تشاتيسغار، بنغال الغربية، أندرا برديش، جزر أندمان ونيكوبار، بهارإثنيةOdiasالناطقون الأصليون33 مليون  (2007)[1]أسرة اللغاتهندية أوروبية هندية إيرانيةهندية آريةشرقيةلغة الأورياالأوريانظام الكتابةOdia alphabet (م...

Venus Asks Vulcan to Forge Arms for her Son Aeneas

Painting by Anthony van Dyck Venus Asks Vulcan to Forge Arms for her Son Aeneas (1630–1632) by Anthony van Dyck Venus Asks Vulcan to Forge Arms for her Son Aeneas or Venus at Vulcan's Forge is a 1630–1632 oil on canvas painting by Anthony van Dyck, now in the Louvre Museum, in Paris.[1] It depicts a scene from Virgil's Aeneid (Book VIII, lines 370–385) in which Venus asks her husband Vulcan to forge weapons for Aeneas, her son by Anchises, with her other son Cupid appearing in t...

 

名倉潤

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