The 60th Street Tunnel carries the N, R, and W trains of the New York City Subway under the East River and Roosevelt Island between Manhattan and Queens.
The tunnel was built as part of the Dual Contracts, which expanded the current New York City Subway system greatly. The original plan provided for trackage over the Queensboro Bridge, which spans the East River from about 59th Street in Manhattan to Queens Plaza in Queens. However, an investigation made following the 1907 collapse of the Quebec Bridge determined that the bridge would not be able to handle the additional weight of subway trains; thus, the tunnel was constructed to the north.[1] Clifford Milburn Holland served as the engineer-in-charge.[2] On October 14, 1918, the tunnel was holed through near the Manhattan bank of the East River. Work on the tunnel was being completed by P. McGovern & Company for $4,194,797. At the time, it was expected that the tunnel would be completed in early 1919. The tunnel was the deepest of the five new East River tunnels, being over 100 feet (30 m) deep in sections. A false bottom was placed in the river over some sections of tunneling work due to the very high level of air pressure needed.[3]
The tunnel opened to revenue service on Sunday, August 1, 1920, at 2 a.m. with a holiday schedule, along with the Montague Street Tunnel and the rest of the BMT Broadway Line. Regular service began the following day. The two new tunnels allowed passengers to make an 18-mile (29 km) trip from Coney Island, through Manhattan, to Queens for a 5 cent fare.[4] The original construction cost was $5,617,008.97.
Originally, the tunnel only connected the BMT Broadway Line to the Queensboro Plaza station, where trains terminated, and passengers could transfer to elevated trains to continue along either the BMT Astoria Line or the IRT Flushing Line (both of which handled only the narrower elevated trains). After 1949, service patterns were changed so that all BMT trains ran over the Astoria Line and all IRT trains on the Flushing Line. Before that change, the platform edges had to be shaved back to fit the wider BMT subway trains. In 1955, the 60th Street Tunnel Connection opened, allowing Broadway trains to connect to the local tracks of the IND Queens Boulevard Line at Queens Plaza.[5] This track connection is currently utilized by the R train; the N and W trains continue to use the original connection to Queensboro Plaza.
In 1983, as part of the MTA's first Capital Program, it was announced that work was required to keep the 60th Street Tunnel in a state of good repair. Work on the $34 million project started in November 1990. On July 27, 1992, N and R trains began running through the tunnel at normal speed (40 to 45 mph (64 to 72 km/h) after two years of work. During the project, trains went through the tunnel at 10 mph (16 km/h), and weekend and late night service was shut down. Ridership decreased from 225,000 to 160,000 daily riders. The tunnel remained closed during late nights for another year so that ventilation and water control improvements could be made.[6]
José Joaquín de Nava y Cabezudo Gobernador de la Provincia de Costa Rica 3 de abril de 1764-14 de junio de 1773Predecesor José de Oreamuno y VázquezSucesor Juan Fernández de Bobadilla Información personalNacimiento Ciudad Rodrigo (España) Fallecimiento 10 de abril de 1784 Nacionalidad CostarricenseInformación profesionalOcupación Político [editar datos en Wikidata] José Joaquín de Nava y Cabezudo, (n. Pamplona, Navarra - m. Granada, Nicaragua, 10 de abril de 1784) fue un mi…
ناجي طالب مناصب رئيس وزراء العراق (29 ) في المنصب9 أغسطس 1966 – 10 مايو 1967 عبد الرحمن البزاز عبد الرحمن عارف معلومات شخصية الميلاد 1 يوليو 1917 الناصرية الوفاة 23 مارس 2012 (94 سنة) [1] بغداد مواطنة العراق الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم أكاديمية عسكرية…
Biografi ini tidak memiliki sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak dapat dipastikan. Bantu memperbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan sumber tepercaya. Materi kontroversial atau trivial yang sumbernya tidak memadai atau tidak bisa dipercaya harus segera dihapus.Cari sumber: Fredy Amin – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Fredy AminLahirFredy Amin Fauzi3 November 1979 (umur&…
Координати: 33°04′48″ пн. ш. 80°24′00″ зх. д. / 33.08000000002777341° пн. ш. 80.4000000000277879053101060° зх. д. / 33.08000000002777341; -80.4000000000277879053101060 Округ Дорчестер, Південна Кароліна На мапі штату Південна Кароліна Розташування штату Південна Кароліна на мапі США Засновани
Data storage connected directly to a computer This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Direct-attached storage – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Typical DAS featuring USB and (legacy) Firewire connectors Typical NAS using ethern…
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US military unit 2nd Battalion, 1st Air Defense ArtilleryDistinctive Unit InsigniaActive1812Country United StatesBranchArmyTypeAir Defense ArtillerySizeBattalionPart of35th Air Defense Artillery BrigadeGarrison/HQCamp Carroll, South KoreaMotto(s)Standards Die!Mascot(s)The GuardianEquipmentPatriot Missile SystemMilitary unit The 2nd Battalion, 1st Air Defense Artillery Regiment (2-1st ADAR) is a battalion in the 1st Air Defense Artillery Regiment, a regiment in the United States Army, f…
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