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5655 Barney
Discovery
Discovered by	C. J. van Houten; I. van Houten-G.; T. Gehrels
Discovery site	Palomar Obs.
Discovery date	29 September 1973
Designations
MPC designation	(5655) Barney
Named after	Ida Barney ; (American astronomer)
Alternative designations	1159 T-2 · 1988 EN1
Minor planet category	main-belt · (middle); Maria
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	44.56 yr (16,277 d)
Aphelion	2.6804 AU
Perihelion	2.4765 AU
Semi-major axis	2.5784 AU
Eccentricity	0.0395
Orbital period (sidereal)	4.14 yr (1,512 d)
Mean anomaly	52.666°
Mean motion	0° 14m 17.16s / day
Inclination	14.497°
Longitude of ascending node	193.49°
Argument of perihelion	21.237°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	6.11 km (calculated); 6.599±0.055 km
Synodic rotation period	2.661±0.0003 h
Geometric albedo	0.20 (assumed); 0.256±0.028
Spectral type	S
Absolute magnitude (H)	12.985±0.002 (R); 13.0; 13.1; 13.26±0.28; 13.43

5655 Barney, provisional designation 1159 T-2, is a Maria asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6.5 kilometers (4 miles) in diameter. It was discovered during the second Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey in 1973, and named for American astronomer Ida Barney in 1994.^[1] The stony S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 2.66 hours.^[4]

Orbit and classification

Barney is a core member of the Maria family (506),^[3] a large intermediate belt family of stony asteroids.^[10] It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.5–2.7 AU once every 4 years and 2 months (1,512 days; semi-major axis of 2.58 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.04 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic.^[2]

Discovery

Barney was discovered on 29 September 1973, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels at the U.S. Palomar Observatory, California. No precoveries were taken prior to its discovery. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation.^[1]

Palomar–Leiden survey

The survey designation "T-2" stands for the second Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey, named after the fruitful collaboration of the Palomar and Leiden Observatory in the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroid discoveries.^[11]

Physical characteristics

Barney has been characterized as a stony S-type asteroid in the SDSS taxonomy of the Moving Object Catalog (MOC) and by the survey conducted by Pan-STARRS.^[4]^[8]^[9]

Rotation period

In August 2010, a rotational lightcurve of Barney was obtained from photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 2.661 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.20 magnitude (U=2).^[4]^[7]

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Barney measures 6.599 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.256.^[5]^[6] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a stony asteroid of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 6.11 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.43.^[4]

Naming

This minor planet was named in memory of American astronomer Ida Barney (1886–1982), who worked at the Yale University Observatory during 1924–1959. She supervised and significantly contributed to the Yale Observatory Zone Catalog for which the positions and proper motions of a large number stars were measured.^[1] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 25 May 1994 (M.P.C. 23541).^[12]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "5655 Barney (1159 T-2)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 5655 Barney (1159 T-2)" (2018-04-23 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Asteroid 5655 Barney". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "LCDB Data for (5655) Barney". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 25 May 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. S2CID 118745497.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. S2CID 35447010. (catalog)
^ ^a ^b ^c Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. S2CID 8342929.
^ ^a ^b ^c Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID 53493339.
^ ^a ^b Carvano, J. M.; Hasselmann, P. H.; Lazzaro, D.; Mothé-Diniz, T. (February 2010). "SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 510: 12. Bibcode:2010A&A...510A..43C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913322. Retrieved 30 October 2019. (PDS data set)
^ Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131. S2CID 119280014.
^ "Minor Planet Discoverers". Minor Planet Center. 4 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 25 May 2018.