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480 Hansa
Discovery
Discovered by	M. F. Wolf; L. Carnera
Discovery site	Heidelberg Obs.
Discovery date	21 May 1901
Designations
MPC designation	(480) Hansa
Pronunciation	/ˈhænsə/
Named after	Hanseatic League ; (medieval trade association)
Alternative designations	1901 GL · A905 JA; A911 UJ
Minor planet category	main-belt · (middle) ; Hansa
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	116.44 yr (42,528 d)
Aphelion	2.7656 AU
Perihelion	2.5213 AU
Semi-major axis	2.6435 AU
Eccentricity	0.0462
Orbital period (sidereal)	4.30 yr (1,570 d)
Mean anomaly	222.78°
Mean motion	0° 13m 45.48s / day
Inclination	21.307°
Longitude of ascending node	237.18°
Argument of perihelion	214.53°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	55.94±0.58 km; 56.22±2.5 km; 65.67±20.89 km
Synodic rotation period	11.758 h; 16.12 h; 16.183±0.001 h; 16.1894±0.0005 h; 16.19 h; 16.22 h
Geometric albedo	0.162±0.264; 0.2485±0.024; 0.254±0.007
Spectral type	Tholen = S ; B–V = 0.854; U–B = 0.439
Absolute magnitude (H)	8.38; 8.51

480 Hansa, provisional designation 1901 GL, is a stony asteroid and the namesake of the Hansa family located in the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 56 kilometers (35 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 21 May 1901, by astronomers Max Wolf and Luigi Carnera at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.^[1] The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 16.19 hours and possibly an elongated shape.^[4] It was named after the Hanseatic League, a medieval European trade association.^[2]

Orbit and classification

Hansa is the namesake and parent body of the stony Hansa family (803),^[5] a high-inclination family with more than a thousand known members. Hansa and the asteroid 925 Alphonsina are the two largest member of this family.^[6]^[16]^: 23

It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–2.8 AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,570 days; semi-major axis of 2.64 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.05 and an inclination of 21° with respect to the ecliptic.^[3] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg, the night after its official discovery observation in May 1901.^[1]

Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Hansa is a common, stony S-type asteroid.^[3]^[4] The near infrared spectra suggests the surface has a primary component of low-Ca pyroxene with lower amounts of olivine.^[17]

Rotation period

Several rotational lightcurves of Hansa were obtained from photometric observations since the 1990s (U = 2/2−/2+/3).^[10]^[11]^[15] Analysis of the two best-rated lightcurves gave a rotation period of 16.19 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.58 and 0.44 magnitude, respectively (U = 3/3).^[13]^[14] A high brightness variation typically indicates an elongated shape.

A modeled lightcurve using photometric data from large collaboration network was published in 2016. It gave a concurring period of 16.1894 hours, as well as two spin axes at (352.0°, −18.0°) and (173.0°, −32.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).^[12]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Hansa measures between 55.94 and 65.67 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.162 and 0.254.^[7]^[8]^[9]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is an albedo of 0.2485 and a diameter of 56.22 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 8.38.^[4]

Naming

This minor planet was named after the Hanseatic League (German: Hansa; Hanse), a medieval confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northern Europe and the Baltic region. On the height of its expansion during the 14th and 15th century, the league included cities that are now located in Germany, Poland, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, the Netherlands and Russia. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 52). The name was proposed by astronomer Heinrich Kreutz in 1906, who was an editor of the journal Astronomische Nachrichten based in the German city of Kiel, which was a member town of the Hanse League.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "480 Hansa (1901 GL)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(480) Hansa". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 53. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_481. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 480 Hansa (1901 GL)" (2017-10-28 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "LCDB Data for (480) Hansa". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 4 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Asteroid 480 Hansa – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
^ ^a ^b Hergenrother, C. W.; Larson, S. M.; Spahr, T. B. (September 1996). "The Hansa Family: A New High-Inclination Asteroid Family". American Astronomical Society. 28: 1097. Bibcode:1996DPS....28.1007H. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b Hainaut-Rouelle, M.-C.; Hainaut, O. R.; Detal, A. (July 1995). "Lightcurves of selected minor planets". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 112: 125. Bibcode:1995A&AS..112..125H. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (480) Hansa". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b Hanus, J.; Durech, J.; Oszkiewicz, D. A.; Behrend, R.; Carry, B.; Delbo, M.; et al. (February 2016). "New and updated convex shape models of asteroids based on optical data from a large collaboration network". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 586: 24. arXiv:1510.07422. Bibcode:2016A&A...586A.108H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527441.
^ ^a ^b De Young, J. A. (September 1994). "The Light Curve and Period of the S-type Minor Planet 480 Hansa". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 21: 33. Bibcode:1994MPBu...21...33D. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b Mohamed, Rafa A.; Krugly, Yurij N.; Lupishko, Dmitrij F. (April 1995). "Light curves and rotation periods of asteroids 371 Bohemia, 426 Hippo, 480 Hansa, and 735 Marghanna". The Astronomical Journal. 109: 1877–1879. Bibcode:1995AJ....109.1877M. doi:10.1086/117414. ISSN 0004-6256. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b Richmond, E. H.; Neely, A. W. (December 1994). "CCD Photometry of Asteroid 480 Hansa". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 21: 37. Bibcode:1994MPBu...21...37R. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
^ Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
^ Hardersen, Paul S.; et al. (March 2006), "Near-infrared spectral observations and interpretations for S-asteroids 138 Tolosa, 306 Unitas, 346 Hermentaria, and 480 Hansa", Icarus, 181 (1): 94–106, Bibcode:2006Icar..181...94H, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.10.003