3C 135 is a high excitation radio galaxy (HEG).[6] The host is a large elliptical galaxy described as having a boxy morphology.[3][7] There is a tiny surface brightness structure situated along its minor axis.[8] The supermassive black hole mass of the galaxy is estimated as 8.09 ± 0.06 Mʘ and the host mass is 11.24 ± 0.03 Mʘ.[9] It is located inside a rich galaxy cluster, with several other galaxies surrounding it. It is also a close pair with a small companion galaxy located southwest from it.[10][11]
An emission-line region is present in the galaxy. Based on studies, the region is mainly aligning together with its radio source and is described elongating along the axis of its jet. There is a radio emission region found disconnected and towards the direction of the northwest hotspot.[12] It is described as compact, displaying rapid rotations in its central regions and decreasing velocitygradients in its outer diffused structures. There are also emission-line knots present, forming a conical structure in a southwest direction with a distance of 77 kiloparsecs.[13] There is also presence of extended outflows from the galaxy, forming two symmetrical lobes extending into northwest and southeast directions.[14]
The radio structure of the galaxy is classified as compact. When imaged with the Very Large Array, it is found to have a low-surface brightness extension north from its southern radio lobe. The northern radio lobe on the other hand, is found to be split into two segments described as unequal, with a constriction separation in the lobe boundary. There is a small outer component of high brightness levels and a defined double hotspot structure with an elongated recessed primary hotspot. A faint one-sided jet can be seen entering the southern lobe, with evidence pointing out it is also interacting with interstellar medium gas.[15][16] Observations also found evidence of strong emission-line features on the southwest side of the galaxy but receding features on its northwest side.[17]
^Massaro, F.; Harris, D. E.; Tremblay, G. R.; Axon, D.; Baum, S. A.; Capetti, A.; Chiaberge, M.; Gilli, R.; Giovannini, G.; Grandi, P.; Macchetto, F. D.; O’Dea, C. P.; Risaliti, G.; Sparks, W. (2010-04-13). "CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF 3C RADIO SOURCES WITH z < 0.3: NUCLEI, DIFFUSE EMISSION, JETS, AND HOTSPOTS". The Astrophysical Journal. 714 (1): 589–604. arXiv:1003.2438. Bibcode:2010ApJ...714..589M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/714/1/589. ISSN0004-637X.
^Tremblay, G. R.; Chiaberge, M.; Donzelli, C. J.; Quillen, A. C.; Capetti, A.; Sparks, W. B.; Macchetto, F. D. (September 2007). "Isophotal Structure and Dust Distribution in Radio-loud Elliptical Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 666 (1): 109–121. arXiv:0705.3642. Bibcode:2007ApJ...666..109T. doi:10.1086/520333. ISSN0004-637X.
^Woo, Jong-Hak; Urry, C. Megan; van der Marel, Roeland P.; Lira, Paulina; Maza, Jose (October 2005). "Black Hole Masses and Host Galaxy Evolution of Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei". The Astrophysical Journal. 631 (2): 762–772. arXiv:astro-ph/0506316. Bibcode:2005ApJ...631..762W. doi:10.1086/432681. ISSN0004-637X.
^Privon, G. C.; O'Dea, C. P.; Baum, S. A.; Axon, D. J.; Kharb, P.; Buchanan, C. L.; Sparks, W.; Chiaberge, M. (April 2008). "WFPC2 LRF Imaging of Emission-Line Nebulae in 3CR Radio Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 175 (2): 423–461. arXiv:0710.3105. Bibcode:2008ApJS..175..423P. doi:10.1086/525024. ISSN0067-0049.
