28th Cavalry Regiment

28th Cavalry Regiment (Horse) (Colored)
Distinctive unit insignia
Active1943–1944
CountryUnited States
BranchArmy
TypeCavalry
SizeRegiment
Garrison/HQCamp Lockett, California
ColorsYellow
U.S. Cavalry Regiments
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The 28th Cavalry Regiment (Horse) (Colored) was a short-lived African American unit of the United States Army. The 28th Cavalry was the last horse-mounted cavalry regiment formed by the U.S. Army. The regiment was formed as part of the 2nd Cavalry Division in 1943 and inactivated in North Africa in 1944 without seeing combat.[1]

History

The regiment was constituted on 10 November 1942 and activated at Camp Lockett, California on 25 February 1943, assigned to the 4th Cavalry Brigade of the 2nd Division.[2] The horses for the new regiment were chosen from Fort Bliss and the United States Army Remount Service at Fort Robinson. The Brigade, which the 28th was part of, relieved the 11th Cavalry Regiment from its border defense mission at Camp Lockett.[3] The regiment was commanded by Colonel Edwin M. Burnett and conducted training in southern California while patrolling the Mexico–United States border. The 28th's enlisted men were all African American, and its 153-man cadre of non-commissioned officers were from the 10th Cavalry. The remainder of the enlisted men were draftees. The regiment was called upon to fight wildfires during the summer of 1943.[2][4] The largest of these fires was the 16,000-acre Barrett-Cottonwood-Morena Fire.[3] The 28th Cavalry personnel serving within the Cleveland National Forest were praised for their firefighting efforts by the Forest's supervisor. Even with this break in training the regiment proved ready to advance its combat training. In late 1943, the regiment was expected to move on to Desert Training Center, however Army Ground Forces decided that training in Louisiana would be preferential for horse cavalry maneuver.[5]

In December, the Department of War decided to send the division to North Africa, where it would be broken up into service units, which were needed more than cavalry. Around 12 January 1944, the regiment was alerted for movement and dismounted. It was moved by train to Camp Patrick Henry, Virginia, between 10 and 15 February, being brought up to strength by 243 replacements from Fort Huachuca. On 2 March, the regiment moved to Newport News from the camp.[2]

The regiment shipped out on 3 March 1944 from the Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation aboard the USS General William Mitchell. After arriving at Casablanca on 12 March, the regiment staged at Camp Don B. Passage near the city before departing for Oran by train. A little over two weeks after arrival in Algeria, on 31 March, the 2nd Cavalry Division and its component regiments were inactivated at Hassi Ben Okba near Oran. Troops from the 28th Cavalry were given the option of transferring to service units or volunteering for combat but at the loss of all rank.[2] Some troops from the 28th Cavalry were used to activate the 6487th Engineer Battalion.[6] The regiment was formally disbanded on 12 December 1951.[7][8]

Notes

  1. ^ "2d CAVALRY DIVISION". United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d "The 28th Cavalry: The U.S. Army's Last Horse Cavalry Regiment". Buffalo Soldiers 9th & 10th (Horse) Cavalry Association Lawton-Fort Sill Chapter. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
  3. ^ a b Vezina 1993.
  4. ^ Smith, Jeff (19 August 2004). "Cold-trailing". San Diego Reader. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  5. ^ Alexander M. Bielakowski PhD (11 January 2013). Ethnic and Racial Minorities in the U.S. Military: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 544–545. ISBN 978-1-59884-428-3.
  6. ^ Stanton 1984, p. 316.
  7. ^ We Remember: U.S. Cavalry Association. Turner Publishing Company. 1996. p. 55. ISBN 9781563113185. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  8. ^ Sawicki 1985, p. 193.

Sources