The squadron was founded as part of the 5th Air Wing on December 1, 1964 at Nyutabaru Air Base as a Lockheed F-104J/DJ squadron. It began as a conversion squadron under Lieutenant Colonel Tadashi Matsuzaki, former commander of the 201st Tactical Fighter Squadron based at Chitose Air Base in Hokkaido. It took on Quick Reaction Alert duties from October 1968. It was temporarily based at Komatsu Air Base in 1980 and 1981 before returning to Nyutabaru.
In 2009 the squadron moved from Hyakuri to Naha Air Base in Okinawa Prefecture, swapping with the F-4EJ equipped 302nd Tactical Fighter Squadron which moved to Hyakuri. The 204th became the southernmost of the JASDF's F-15 Eagle squadrons.
During the F-104 era the squadron's tail marking was a blue and yellow "V", signifying the 5th Air Wing. Since 1984 (when the F-15 Eagle was adopted) the squadron's aircraft carry a bald eagle as their tail marking.[4]