2020 British cabinet reshuffle

Boris Johnson

Boris Johnson carried out the first significant reshuffle of his majority government on 13 February 2020. Following the December 2019 general election, there was considerable speculation that Johnson was planning a major reshuffle of the Cabinet, to take place after the United Kingdom's official withdrawal from the European Union on 31 January 2020. There were reports that up to a third of the Cabinet would be dismissed, Whitehall departments abolished and civil servants replaced by policy experts; however, the reshuffle was smaller than expected and no departments were abolished.[1] The anticipated reshuffle was nicknamed "The St Valentine's Day Massacre" in the press, due to its proximity to St Valentine's Day, the name being a reference to the 1929 gangland shooting in Chicago.[2][3]

Johnson formed his first ministry on 24 July 2019, following his election as Leader of the Conservative Party and subsequent appointment as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.[4] In September 2019, he carried out small reshuffles in response to the resignations of two Cabinet ministers (Jo Johnson and Amber Rudd).[5][6] After the Conservative Party's victory in the 2019 general election, Johnson's only change had been to fill the position left vacant by Alun Cairns' resignation in the previous month.[7]

On 13 February 2020, Johnson reshuffled the government. Five Cabinet ministers were sacked, including the Northern Ireland Secretary Julian Smith, a decision that was criticised by several politicians and commentators following Smith's success in restoring the devolved Northern Ireland Executive under the terms of the New Decade, New Approach agreement.[8] Chancellor of the Exchequer Sajid Javid resigned from the Cabinet after refusing Johnson's demand that he dismiss his advisers.[9]

This was the last major cabinet reshuffle before the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, and was followed by two more reshuffles in 2021 and 2022.

Cabinet-level changes

Colour key
  •      Joined the Cabinet
  •      Left the Cabinet
Minister Position before reshuffle Result of reshuffle
Rt Hon The Baroness Morgan of Cotes PC Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Left the government (intention to stand down announced in January 2020)
Rt Hon Oliver Dowden CBE MP Minister for the Cabinet Office
Paymaster General 		Became Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
Rt Hon Michael Gove MP Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster Given additional role as Minister for the Cabinet Office
Rt Hon Julian Smith CBE MP Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Left the government
Rt Hon Brandon Lewis CBE MP Minister of State for Security and Deputy for EU Exit and No Deal Preparation Became Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Rt Hon Esther McVey MP Minister of State for Housing and Planning Left the government
Rt Hon Andrea Leadsom MP Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Left the government
Rt Hon Alok Sharma MP Secretary of State for International Development Became Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
Anne-Marie Trevelyan MP Minister of State for the Armed Forces Became Secretary of State for International Development
Rt Hon Geoffrey Cox QC MP Attorney General for England and Wales
Advocate General for Northern Ireland 		Left the government
Suella Braverman MP Backbench MP Became Attorney General for England and Wales and Advocate General for Northern Ireland
Rt Hon Theresa Villiers MP Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Left the government
George Eustice MP Minister of State for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Became Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Rt Hon Sajid Javid MP Chancellor of the Exchequer Resigned after refusing to dismiss his advisers
Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Chief Secretary to the Treasury Became Chancellor of the Exchequer
Rt Hon Steve Barclay MP Backbench MP, previously Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union until January 31, 2020 Became Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Rt Hon James Cleverly TD VR MP Minister without Portfolio
(Chairman of the Conservative Party)[note 1] 		Left the Cabinet; became Minister of State for the Middle East & North Africa and International Development
Amanda Milling MP Deputy Chief Government Whip

Treasurer of the Household

Became Minister without Portfolio (and Chairman of the Conservative Party)[note 1]
Rt Hon Jake Berry MP Minister of State for the Northern Powerhouse Resigned after refusing a new position at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office[10]

Junior ministerial changes

Colour key
  •      Promoted[note 2]
  •      Left the government
Minister Position before reshuffle Result of reshuffle
Rt Hon Chris Skidmore FRHistS FSA FRSA MP Minister of State for Universities, Science, Research and Innovation Left the government
Michelle Donelan MP Backbencher Became Minister of State for Universities, Science, Research and Innovation
George Freeman MP Minister of State for Transport Left the government
Andrew Stephenson MP Minister of State for Africa and International Development Became Minister of State for Transport
Nigel Adams MP Minister of State for Sport, Media & Creative Industries Became Minister of State for Africa and International Development
Caroline Dinenage MP Minister of State for Social Care Became Minister of State for Sport, Media & Creative Industries
Helen Whately MP Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Arts, Heritage and Tourism Became Minister of State for Social Care
Nigel Huddleston MP Backbencher Became Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Arts, Heritage and Tourism
Rt Hon John Whittingdale OBE MP Backbencher Became Minister of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
Nus Ghani MP Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Transport Left the government
Kelly Tolhurst MP Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Became Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Transport
Paul Scully MP Backbencher Became Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and Minister for London
Chris Philp MP Minister for London Became Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Home Affairs
James Heappey MP Backbencher Became Minister of State for the Armed Forces
Rt Hon Dr Andrew Murrison MP Minister of State for International Development and the Middle East Left the government
Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt MP Backbencher Became Paymaster General
Rt Hon Christopher Pincher MP Minister of State for Europe and the Americas Became Minister of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government
Rt Hon James Brokenshire MP Backbencher Became Minister of State for Security
Jeremy Quin MP Parliamentary Secretary for the Cabinet Office Became Minister for Defence Procurement
Julia Lopez MP Backbencher Became Parliamentary Secretary for the Cabinet Office
Chloe Smith MP Parliamentary Secretary for the Cabinet Office Became Minister of State for the Cabinet Office
Robin Walker MP Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Became Minister of State for Northern Ireland
Heather Wheeler MP Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Left the government
Wendy Morton MP Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice Became Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and International Development as Minister for European Neighbourhood and the Americas
James Duddridge MP Backbencher Became Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and International Development
Alex Chalk MP Backbencher Became Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice
Victoria Prentis MP Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Leader of the House of Commons Became Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Amanda Solloway MP Backbencher Became Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Science, Research and Innovation
Paul Maynard MP Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Transport Left the government
Rachel Maclean MP Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Chancellor of the Exchequer Became Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Transport
Gillian Keegan MP Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care Became Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Education
Simon Clarke MP Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury Became Minister of State for the Northern Powerhouse
Kemi Badenoch MP Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Children and Families Became Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for International Trade
Vicky Ford MP Backbencher Became Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Children and Families
Kit Malthouse MP Minister of State for Crime, Policing and the Fire Service Given additional position as Minister of State for Justice
The Lord Goldsmith of Richmond Park Minister of State for the Environment Given additional position as Minister of State for Pacific
The Lord Agnew of Oulton Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the School System Became Minister of State for Efficiency and Transformation[11]
The Lord True Backbench Peer Became Minister of State for European Union Relations and Constitutional Policy

Whips' Office appointments

Whip Previous position New position
Stuart Andrew MP Vice-Chamberlain of the Household Deputy Chief Government Whip
Treasurer of the Household
Marcus Jones MP Assistant Government Whip Vice-Chamberlain of the Household
James Morris MP Lord Commissioner of the Treasury
Michael Tomlinson MP Backbencher
Alex Chalk MP Assistant Government Whip
Eddie Hughes MP
The Viscount Younger of Leckie Lord-in-waiting
Government Whip
The Baroness Scott of Bybrook Baroness-in-Waiting
Government Whip

Reaction

Dismissal of Julian Smith

Smith (left) and Johnson (right) visit Northern Ireland in July 2019

The decision to dismiss Julian Smith as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland was criticised by a number of prominent political figures in Northern Ireland, including SDLP leader Colum Eastwood who described the move as showing "dangerous indifference" by the Prime Minister.[12] Smith had been widely seen as instrumental in securing a cross-party deal to restore the Northern Ireland Executive, the New Decade, New Approach agreement, after three years without a devolved government in Stormont.[13][8] Tributes to Smith's tenure as Northern Ireland Secretary were paid by NI First Minister Arlene Foster and Taoiseach Leo Varadkar. Both praised him for his role in ending the political deadlock in the country.[14][15]

Many political commentators expressed their surprise at Smith's dismissal, given his perceived success during his time as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. Some suggested that Smith's testimony to the Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee in October 2019, in which he described a potential no-deal Brexit as being "a very, very bad idea for Northern Ireland",[16] had influenced the decision to remove him from his position.[17] Stephen Bush, political editor of the New Statesman, speculated that the consequence of Johnson's removal of Smith would be the destabilisation of the new power-sharing agreement and increased difficulty in negotiating the details of the "New Protocol".[18]

Resignation of Sajid Javid

Javid with Gladstone, Chief Mouser to HM Treasury

Tensions between 10 Downing Street and the Treasury had come to a head in August 2019, when the Prime Minister's Chief Special Adviser Dominic Cummings dismissed one of Chancellor Sajid Javid's aides, Sonia Khan, without Javid's permission and without informing him. It was alleged that, during her dismissal, Cummings "went outside No 10 and asked an armed officer to enter the building and escort Khan off the premises."[19] In November 2019, following questions of a rift between the two men, Johnson gave his assurance that he would retain Javid as Chancellor after the 2019 general election.[20]

However, in the weeks leading up to the reshuffle, a number of briefings in the press had suggested that a new economic ministry led by Rishi Sunak might be established, to reduce the power and political influence of the Treasury. Sunak was considered to be a Johnson loyalist, seen as the "rising star" minister who had ably represented the Prime Minister during the 2019 election debates.[21][22] By February 2020, it was reported that Javid would remain in his role as Chancellor and that Sunak would stay on as Chief Secretary to the Treasury, in order to "keep an eye" on Javid.[23]

On 13 February 2020, the day of the reshuffle, Javid resigned as Chancellor of the Exchequer, following a meeting with the Prime Minister. During the meeting, Johnson had offered to allow Javid to keep his position on the condition that he dismiss all his advisers at the Treasury and replace them with ones selected by 10 Downing Street.[9] Upon resigning, Javid told the Press Association that "no self-respecting minister would accept those terms".[24][25]

The Chancellor's resignation had been unexpected, given Johnson's commitment to keep him in the Cabinet and recent reports that a rival finance ministry would not be created. Robert Shrimsley, chief political commentator of the Financial Times, warned that the Prime Minister's handling of his relationship with Javid could damage the government. He argued that "good government often depends on senior ministers – and the chancellor in particular – being able to fight bad ideas. Mr Johnson's cabinet has just seen the price of defiance".[26]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Non-ministerial position
  2. ^ According to the ministerial pay scale:
    Parliamentary Private Secretary < Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State < Minister of State

References

  1. ^ Shipman, Tim (15 December 2019). "Now for the Boris Johnson revolution — PM to wield axe in radical cabinet reshuffle". The Times.
  2. ^ Balls, Katy (13 January 2020). "The strategy behind Boris Johnson's incoming government shake-up". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  3. ^ Tominey, Camilla (5 February 2020). "Will Boris Johnson's post-Brexit reshuffle be a Valentine's Day massacre?". Daily Telegraph.
  4. ^ "Boris Johnson becomes UK's new prime minister". BBC News. 24 July 2019.
  5. ^ Havergal, Chris (10 September 2019). "Chris Skidmore returns as universities minister in UK government". Times Higher Education.
  6. ^ "Therese Coffey replaces Amber Rudd in cabinet after dramatic resignation". ITV News. 8 September 2019.
  7. ^ "Simon Hart appointed new Welsh secretary". BBC News. 16 December 2019.
  8. ^ a b Walker, Peter (13 February 2020). "Smith, Leadsom and McVey out as Johnson reshuffles cabinet". The Guardian.
  9. ^ a b "Cabinet reshuffle: Sajid Javid resigns as chancellor". BBC News. 13 February 2020.
  10. ^ Schofield, Kevin (25 February 2020). "Boris Johnson ally quits government after turning down Foreign Office job". Politics Home. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  11. ^ Jointly with HM Treasury
  12. ^ "Julian Smith sacked as NI Secretary by Boris Johnson". BBC News. 13 February 2020.
  13. ^ Elliott, Francis; Swinford, Steven (13 February 2020). "Boris Johnson fires Julian Smith, minister who secured Stormont deal". The Times.
  14. ^ Edwards, Mark (13 February 2020). "Julian Smith sacked from Northern Ireland post in Boris Johnson's Cabinet reshuffle". Belfast Telegraph.
  15. ^ @LeoVaradkar (13 February 2020). "In 8 months as Secretary of State, Julian you helped to restore powersharing in Stormont, secured an agreement with us to avoid a hard border, plus marriage equality. You are one of Britain's finest politicians of our time. Thank you" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  16. ^ Mairs, Nicholas (23 October 2019). "Julian Smith breaks ranks with Boris Johnson to brand no-deal Brexit 'very bad' for Northern Ireland". PoliticsHome.
  17. ^ Forrest, Adam (13 February 2020). "Boris Johnson news – live: PM axes Tory minister who helped secure Stormont deal, as fresh questions raised over £15,000 Caribbean holiday". The Independent. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020.
  18. ^ Bush, Stephen (13 February 2020). "Boris Johnson has already made the most important sacking of today's reshuffle". New Statesman.
  19. ^ Helm, Toby; Townsend, Mark (1 September 2019). "PM 'must launch urgent inquiry into Dominic Cummings's reign of terror'". The Guardian.
  20. ^ Parker, George; Payne, Sebastian (18 November 2019). "Boris Johnson vows to retain Sajid Javid as chancellor". Financial Times.
  21. ^ Parker, George (25 December 2019). "Johnson's 'favourite minister' tipped to run super-ministry". Financial Times.
  22. ^ Balls, Katy (13 February 2020). "Is Sajid Javid at war with No. 10?". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  23. ^ Mason, Rowena (5 February 2020). "Ministers jostle as Johnson plans long-awaited reshuffle". The Guardian.
  24. ^ Mason, Rowena (13 February 2020). "Sajid Javid resigns as chancellor amid Johnson reshuffle". The Guardian.
  25. ^ "Sajid Javid quits as British Chancellor". RTÉ. 13 February 2020.
  26. ^ Shrimsley, Robert (13 February 2020). "Johnson has backed Cummings over his chancellor — and there will be a cost". Financial Times.