1999 Luzon earthquake

1999 Luzon earthquake
Epicenter of the earthquake. Near the west coast of Luzon is the seismically active Manila Trench.
UTC time1999-12-11 18:03:36
ISC event1658129
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local dateDecember 12, 1999 (1999-12-12)[1]
Local time2:03:26 am (PhST)
Duration27 seconds
MagnitudeMw7.3[1] 6.8 Ms 
Depth33 km (21 mi)
Epicenter15°45′58″N 119°44′24″E / 15.766°N 119.740°E / 15.766; 119.740
Off the coast of Zambales
Areas affectedZambales, Pangasinan, and Metro Manila
Max. intensityMMI VIII (Severe)
PEIS VII (Destructive)[2]
Casualties6 dead, 40 injured

On December 12, 1999, a Mw7.3 earthquake struck the northern coast of Zambales in the Philippines.[1] It was felt in various provinces on the island of Luzon including as far north as Ilocos Norte and as far south as Quezon.[3] This is the second earthquake with a magnitude of 7 to hit the area in 10 years with a Mw7.7 earthquake having occurred in 1990 which killed more than 2,000 people.[4]

Impact

Courtesy of BBC Asia
Damaged building as a result of the 1999 Luzon Earthquake.

The earthquake resulted in at least 6 deaths and 40 injuries within the regions of Zambales, Pangasinan, and Manila. Of the 40 injuries, 30 were reported in the provinces of Zambales and Pangasinan, while the other 10 were from the Manila metropolitan area.[5] Infrastructure in Zambales and Pangasinan, things like bridges and water pumping stations, was also damaged to a minor extent. Many hotels and hospitals in the region had to be evacuated as well.[4] Thirty houses and two churches in Zambales were damaged.[6] In Manila several government buildings were damaged including the Department of public work and highways.[7][5] Power outages continued for 33 hours past the original earthquake in various parts of Manila.[5] Raymundo Punongbayan, director of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, said that the damage to structures was minimal due to the earthquake's hypo-center being offshore and over 60 kilometers underground.[7] The earthquake also caused power interruptions in the region for the second time that week, further increasing widespread panic.[8] Two days prior to the earthquake, much of Luzon was without power as a result of a large amount of jellyfish that were reportedly sucked into the cooling systems of three major power plants.[3][9]

Reaction and response

Luzon Island from the ISS

Compared to the devastating 7.8 M earthquake that occurred in Luzon in 1990, which caused over 2,400 deaths and $695,000 (USD) in damage, the 1999 Luzon earthquake, caused substantially less damage while being of similar magnitudes.[10] The earthquake caused moderate destruction to buildings and other infrastructures near the epicenter and surrounding areas. There were few casualties and injuries from the event and most of the population received little to no harm from this high magnitude earthquake.[11] Of the six fatalities, only two occurred due to fallen debris while the other four were due to elderly people experiencing heart attacks.[12]

The government took measures to spread awareness to its citizens and enforce individuals to relocate to safer environment as a result of destructive earthquakes that occurred in the years prior.[11] Philippines Defense Secretary Orlando S. Mercado attributed the minimal damages and casualties to the government's disaster preparedness program. The Philippine government implemented routine fire and earthquake drills in hospitals and other public establishments following the devastating 1999 Jiji earthquake that occurred earlier that year.[12] As a result, many took shelter and were able to secure locations where they would be more equipped to the earthquake.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "M 7.3 – Luzon, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
  2. ^ "PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS)". Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
  3. ^ a b "6.8 Quake Does Minor Damage in Philippines". Los Angeles Times. December 12, 1999. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Powerful earthquake strikes Phillipines [sic]". Independent Online. South Africa. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  5. ^ a b c "Philippines – Earthquake OCHA Situation Report No. 2 – Philippines". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2021-10-01.
  6. ^ "Asian Disaster Reduction Center（ADRC）". adrc.asia. Retrieved 2021-10-01.
  7. ^ a b "Earthquake drills minimize casualties in Philippine tremor – Philippines". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2021-10-13.
  8. ^ "6.8 quake shakes main Philippine isle". Deseret News. Associated Press. 1999-12-12. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  9. ^ "Philippines – Earthquake OCHA Situation Report No. 2". ReliefWeb. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  10. ^ "Luzon Earthquake, 1990 – Countries & Disasters – International Recovery Platform". recoveryplatform.org. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  11. ^ a b c "Philippines – Earthquake OCHA Situation Report No. 2 – Philippines". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  12. ^ a b "Earthquake drills minimize casualties in Philippine tremor – Philippines". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2021-11-30.