1994 Bangladesh Ansar mutiny

1994 Bangladesh Ansar mutiny
Date1-4 December 1994
Location
Shafipur and Khilgaon, Bangladesh
Result Defeat of the Ansar mutineers
Belligerents

Bangladesh Government of Bangladesh

Mutineers from the Bangladesh Ansar
Strength
Unknown At least 42 mutineers
Casualties and losses
Unknown 1-2 mutineers dead, 12-40 mutineers injured

The Bangladesh Ansar mutiny was a mutiny staged from 1 December to 4 December 1994,[1] in Shafipur and Khilgaon by a section of the Bangladesh Ansar, a paramilitary force tasked with providing security to government installations and aiding law enforcement in Bangladesh.[2][3] The mutiny prompted a series of reforms by the government.[3]

Background

The Ansar force was formed as the "East Pakistan Ansars" by the East Pakistan Ansars Act of 1948, and officially launched on 12 February 1948.[4] From 1948 to 1972, it was under the National Service Board. In 1973, it was placed under the Ministry of Home Affairs and an Ansar cadre was formed in the Bangladesh Civil Service. Together with its sister organization Village Defence Party, it has millions of members including reserves.[3]

Events

The Bangladesh Ansar mutinied in the Ansar Academy in Shafipur, and Khilgaon on 1 December 1994, demanding higher pay, job security and better treatment from officers.[1][5] The mutiny was ended on 4 December 1994, when a military operation was launched by Bangladesh Rifles, supported by the Bangladesh Police and helicopters from Bangladesh Air Force.[6][1] Official estimates place the death toll at 1 or 2 and 12-40 Ansar personnel were injured.[1] Independent estimates place 30 mutineers among the casualty.[2][7]

Aftermath

Journalist and social critic, Farhad Mazhar, called the mutiny inevitable because of the social discrimination faced by members of Bangladesh Ansar. He was jailed for his views on the mutiny.[2][8]

Reform

In response to the agitations, the government passed a series of acts in the Jatiya Sangsad. These include Ansar Bahini Act (1995), Battalion Ansar Act (1995) and the Village Defence Party Act (1995).[3] Under these acts, the Ansar Bahini and the Battalion Ansars were declared a "Disciplined Force" in accordance with article 152 of the Constitution.[3] The government set up Ansar VDP Bank where the members of Ansar-VDP were decided to be the shareholders. The bank also provides soft loans to Ansar members.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Chronology of Events" (PDF). justice.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  2. ^ a b c Chowdhury, Afsan (April 2009). "What Lies Below". Forum. The Daily Star. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). "Ansar and Village Defence Party". Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  4. ^ "About Bangladesh Ansar & VDP". Bangladesh Ansar & VDP – Government of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
  5. ^ Economist Intelligence Unit (1995). Country Report: Bangladesh. The Unit. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  6. ^ আনসার বিদ্রোহ: ১৯৯৪ সালে হেলিকপ্টার, মর্টার, রকেট লঞ্চার ও মেশিনগান দিয়ে যেভাবে দমন করা হয়েছিল বিদ্রোহী আনসারদের. BBC Bangla (in Bengali). 5 December 2022. Archived from the original on 27 August 2024.
  7. ^ "Border Guard Bangladesh". Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  8. ^ "Farhad Mazhar:Left for what?". Himal. January 1998. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.

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